SESSION: 2021-2022
Project report
of
English Communication
Submitted by: Submitted to:
Sanjeevan Beck Dr. Sanna Farooqi
Roll no. : 21066156
B.Com (Computers) II Sem
, English question answers
Unit – 1
1. Enlist two types of communication on the basis of direction and flow.
Within organizations, there are two directions in which communications flow: downward and
upward.
Downward Communication
Downward communication is communication that flows down from the higher levels of an
organization to the lower levels, or down the chain of command. This type of communication
transmits work-related information to lower level employees, which helps them to meet the
expectations that have been set by their Superiors.
Upward Communication
Upward communication flows from the lower levels of an organization to the higher levels,
which helps to relay the effectiveness of downward communication and allows employees to
convey their opinions and ideas. Upward communications give employees a voice within the
organization, to share their grievances, opinions, and ideas for the organization.
2. What is formal and informal communication?
Formal communication is also known as official communication. Formal communication
refers to the flow of official information through proper, predefined channels and routes.
The flow of information is controlled and needs deliberate effort to be properly communicated.
Formal communication follows a hierarchical structure and chain of command.
Example :- business letters, reports, orders, etc.
Informal communication is also known as grapevine communication. Informal
communication refers to communication which is multi-dimensional. Informal
communication moves freely within the organization and is not bound by pre-defined channels
and communication routes. Informal communication is particularly quick.
Example:- face-to-face communication, telephonic conversations, etc.
, 3. Draw a diagram representing the communication process.
Communication process has several models and diagrams however the basic diagram which is
used for every communication process is standard.
Communication process includes the basic elements of a sender; who sends the message, a
receiver who receives the message and the channel of communication, i.e., the medium used
by these people.
Then there is a concept of noise which exists as a barrier to effective communication and lastly
feedback which is demanded in all forms of two-way communication systems.
4. Allen Louis defines communication as –“the sum of all the things one
person when he wants to create understanding in the mind of
another”. Discuss the statement in brief.
Louis A, Allen defines communication as, “Communication is the sum of all the things one
person does when he wants to create understanding in the mind of another.
It is a bridge of meaning. It involves a systematic and continuous process of telling, listening
and understanding. communication does not mean merely written or oral message, it includes
everything that may be used to convey meanings from one person to another. The essence of
communication is getting the receiver and the sender ‘turned’ together for a particular
message.”
, 5. How would you describe effective communication through on the
requirement of effective communication.
Effective communication is the process of exchanging ideas, thoughts, opinions, knowledge, and
data so that the message is received and understood with clarity and purpose. When we
communicate effectively, both the sender and receiver feel satisfied.
communication can be said to be effective if it is clear, correct, complete, concise,
and compassionate. We consider these to be the 5 C’s of communication, though they may vary
depending on who you’re asking.
While the effectiveness of communication can be difficult to measure, its impact is hard to deny.
6. Discuss in detail the Shannon weaver theory of communication.
The Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication is a mathematical theory of
communication that argues that human communication can be broken down into 6 key
concepts: sender, encoder, channel, noise, decoder, and receiver.
It is known as the “mother of all models” because of its wide popularity. The model is also
known as ‘information theory’ or the ‘Shannon theory’ because Claude Shannon was the main
person who developed the theory.
The model’s primary value is in explaining how messages are lost and distorted in the process
of communication.
It is best known for its ability to explain how messages can be mixed up and misinterpreted in
the process between sending and receiving the message.
Shannon, in his famous article titled “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” where he
outlined the theory, explained what the goal of his model was:
“The fundamental problem of communication is that of reproducing a message sent from one
point, either exactly or approximately, to another point” (Shannon, 1948, p. 379).
Project report
of
English Communication
Submitted by: Submitted to:
Sanjeevan Beck Dr. Sanna Farooqi
Roll no. : 21066156
B.Com (Computers) II Sem
, English question answers
Unit – 1
1. Enlist two types of communication on the basis of direction and flow.
Within organizations, there are two directions in which communications flow: downward and
upward.
Downward Communication
Downward communication is communication that flows down from the higher levels of an
organization to the lower levels, or down the chain of command. This type of communication
transmits work-related information to lower level employees, which helps them to meet the
expectations that have been set by their Superiors.
Upward Communication
Upward communication flows from the lower levels of an organization to the higher levels,
which helps to relay the effectiveness of downward communication and allows employees to
convey their opinions and ideas. Upward communications give employees a voice within the
organization, to share their grievances, opinions, and ideas for the organization.
2. What is formal and informal communication?
Formal communication is also known as official communication. Formal communication
refers to the flow of official information through proper, predefined channels and routes.
The flow of information is controlled and needs deliberate effort to be properly communicated.
Formal communication follows a hierarchical structure and chain of command.
Example :- business letters, reports, orders, etc.
Informal communication is also known as grapevine communication. Informal
communication refers to communication which is multi-dimensional. Informal
communication moves freely within the organization and is not bound by pre-defined channels
and communication routes. Informal communication is particularly quick.
Example:- face-to-face communication, telephonic conversations, etc.
, 3. Draw a diagram representing the communication process.
Communication process has several models and diagrams however the basic diagram which is
used for every communication process is standard.
Communication process includes the basic elements of a sender; who sends the message, a
receiver who receives the message and the channel of communication, i.e., the medium used
by these people.
Then there is a concept of noise which exists as a barrier to effective communication and lastly
feedback which is demanded in all forms of two-way communication systems.
4. Allen Louis defines communication as –“the sum of all the things one
person when he wants to create understanding in the mind of
another”. Discuss the statement in brief.
Louis A, Allen defines communication as, “Communication is the sum of all the things one
person does when he wants to create understanding in the mind of another.
It is a bridge of meaning. It involves a systematic and continuous process of telling, listening
and understanding. communication does not mean merely written or oral message, it includes
everything that may be used to convey meanings from one person to another. The essence of
communication is getting the receiver and the sender ‘turned’ together for a particular
message.”
, 5. How would you describe effective communication through on the
requirement of effective communication.
Effective communication is the process of exchanging ideas, thoughts, opinions, knowledge, and
data so that the message is received and understood with clarity and purpose. When we
communicate effectively, both the sender and receiver feel satisfied.
communication can be said to be effective if it is clear, correct, complete, concise,
and compassionate. We consider these to be the 5 C’s of communication, though they may vary
depending on who you’re asking.
While the effectiveness of communication can be difficult to measure, its impact is hard to deny.
6. Discuss in detail the Shannon weaver theory of communication.
The Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication is a mathematical theory of
communication that argues that human communication can be broken down into 6 key
concepts: sender, encoder, channel, noise, decoder, and receiver.
It is known as the “mother of all models” because of its wide popularity. The model is also
known as ‘information theory’ or the ‘Shannon theory’ because Claude Shannon was the main
person who developed the theory.
The model’s primary value is in explaining how messages are lost and distorted in the process
of communication.
It is best known for its ability to explain how messages can be mixed up and misinterpreted in
the process between sending and receiving the message.
Shannon, in his famous article titled “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” where he
outlined the theory, explained what the goal of his model was:
“The fundamental problem of communication is that of reproducing a message sent from one
point, either exactly or approximately, to another point” (Shannon, 1948, p. 379).
