Health Assessment Jarvis Ch 12 Practice Questions - with rationals

Health Assessment Jarvis Ch 12 Practice Questions - with rationals A 13-year old girl is interested in obtaining information about the cause of her acne. The nurse would share with her that acne: ANS: has no known cause. About 70% of teens will have acne, and, although the cause is unknown, it is not caused by poor diet, oily complexion, a contagion, or poor hygiene. A 22-year-old woman comes to the clinic because of a severe sunburn and states, "I was just out in the sun for a couple of minutes." The nurse begins a medication review with her, paying special attention to which medication class? ANS: Tetracyclines for acne Drugs that may increase sunlight sensitivity and give a burn response include sulfonamides, thiazide diuretics, oral hypoglycemic agents, and tetracycline. A 35-year-old pregnant woman comes to the clinic for a monthly appointment. During the assessment, the nurse notices that she has a brown patch of hyperpigmentation on her face. The nurse continues the skin assessment aware that another finding may be: ANS: linea nigra. In pregnancy, skin changes can include striae, linea nigra (a brownish black line down the midline), chloasma (brown patches of hyperpigmentation), and vascular spiders. Keratoses are raised, thickened areas of pigmentation that look crusted, scaly, and warty. Xerosis is dry skin. Acrochordons, or "skin tags" occur more often in the aging adult. A 40-year-old woman reports a change in mole size, accompanied by color changes, itching, burning, and bleeding over the past month. She has a dark complexion and has no family history of skin cancer, but she has had many blistering sunburns in the past. The nurse would: ANS: refer the patient because of the suspicion of melanoma on the basis of her symptoms. The ABCD danger signs of melanoma are asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation, and diameter. In addition, individuals may report a change in size, development of itching, burning, bleeding, or a new-pigmented lesion. Any of these signs raise suspicion of malignant melanoma and warrant immediate referral. A 42-year-old female patient complains that she has noticed several small, slightly raised, bright red dots on her chest. On examination, the nurse expects that the spots are probably: ANS: senile angiomas. Cherry (senile) angiomas are small, smooth, slightly raised bright red dots that commonly appear on the trunk in adults over 30 years old. A 45-year-old farmer comes in for a skin evaluation and complains of hair loss on his head. He has noticed that his hair seems to be breaking off in patches and that he has some scaling on his head. The nurse would begin the examination suspecting: ANS: tinea capitis. Tinea capitis is rounded patchy hair loss on the scalp, leaving broken-off hairs, pustules, and scales on the skin. It is caused by a fungal infection. Lesions are fluorescent under a Wood light. It is usually seen in children and farmers and is highly contagious. See Table 12-12, Abnormal Conditions of Hair, for descriptions of the other terms. A 52-year-old woman has a papule on her nose that has rounded, pearly borders and a central red ulcer. She said she first noticed it several months ago and that it has slowly grown larger. The nurse suspects which condition? ANS: Basal cell carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma usually starts as a skin-colored papule that develops rounded, pearly borders with a central red ulcer. It is the most common form of skin cancer, and it grows slowly. This description does not fit acne lesions. See Table 12-11 for descriptions of malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma.