Cardiovascular 4 (Obesity) Lecture Prep and Study Guide
NUR 300: Cardiovascular Four
Lecture Prep and Study Guide
Topic that will be covered in class today:
1. Obesity and metabolic syndrome
2. Aortic aneurysm and dissection
3. Peripheral arterial disease (review from previous semester)
Obesity and metabolic syndrome
• Define obesity and differentiate between primary and secondary obesity.
o Obesity: Abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells
▪ A chronic disease (like HTN/DM)
o Primary obesity
▪ Caloric intake > metabolic demands
o Secondary obesity
▪ Result from another condition (hypothyroidism, Cushing’s)
• Identify a client’s obesity classification using body mass index, waist circumference, and body
fat distribution.
o Body Mass Index (BMI)
▪ Underweight: < 18.5
▪ Normal: 18.5 – 24.9
▪ Overweight: 25.0-29.9
▪ Obese Class 1: 30.0-34.9
▪ Obese Class 2: 35.0-39.9
▪ Obese Class 3: 40+
o Waist circumference (abnormal values)
▪ > 40 inches in men
▪ > 35 inches in women
o Body fat distribution
▪ Gynoid obesity
o Glutofemoral adipose tissue accumulation
▪ Android obesity
o Abdominal adipose tissue accumulation
o Visceral fat – increases likelihood of heart disease
• Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, and health risks of obesity.
o Etiology
▪ Energy intake > output
▪ Genetics
▪ Environmental (portion size)
This study source was downloaded by 100000815611969 from CourseHero.com on 10-27-2022 00:50:36 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/28158455/Cardiovascular-4-Obesity-Lecture-Prep-and-Study-Guidedocx/
, Cardiovascular 4 (Obesity) Lecture Prep and Study Guide
▪ Psychosocial (food with friends, “special occasions”)
o Pathogenesis
▪ Weight gain = body moving toward an overweight or obese state
▪ Adipocyte: Fat cells
o Hypertrophy
o Hyperplasia
o Release of protein & hormones
➢ Leptin = hormone that tells you when you’re full
➢ High levels of Leptin leads to Leptin resistance
o Health risks of obesity
▪ Psychologic
o Depression, low self-esteem, risk of suicide, discrimination
▪ Metabolic
o Type 2 DM, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary disease
▪ Respiratory
o Obesity hypoventilation syndrome, sleep apnea, asthma,
pulmonary hypertension
▪ Cardiovascular
o Hyperlipidemia, sudden cardiac death, right sided heart failure, left
ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, deep venous
thrombosis, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, cardiomyopathy,
venous stasis
▪ Liver/Gallbladder
o Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), gallstones
▪ Reproductive
o Woman
➢ Menstrual irregularities, infertility, gestational
diabetes, overdue births, induced labors, and longer
labors
o Men
➢ Hypogonadism
➢ Gynecomastia
▪ Musculoskeletal
o OA, impaired mobility and flexibility, gout, lumbar disk
disease, chronic low back pain
▪ Genitourinary
o End stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to diabetes and HTN,
stress incontinence
▪ Cancer
o Endometrial, breast, cervical, ovarian, uterine, and gallbladder
cancer in women; colorectal cancer in both genders, prostate cancer
in men
This study source was downloaded by 100000815611969 from CourseHero.com on 10-27-2022 00:50:36 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/28158455/Cardiovascular-4-Obesity-Lecture-Prep-and-Study-Guidedocx/
NUR 300: Cardiovascular Four
Lecture Prep and Study Guide
Topic that will be covered in class today:
1. Obesity and metabolic syndrome
2. Aortic aneurysm and dissection
3. Peripheral arterial disease (review from previous semester)
Obesity and metabolic syndrome
• Define obesity and differentiate between primary and secondary obesity.
o Obesity: Abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells
▪ A chronic disease (like HTN/DM)
o Primary obesity
▪ Caloric intake > metabolic demands
o Secondary obesity
▪ Result from another condition (hypothyroidism, Cushing’s)
• Identify a client’s obesity classification using body mass index, waist circumference, and body
fat distribution.
o Body Mass Index (BMI)
▪ Underweight: < 18.5
▪ Normal: 18.5 – 24.9
▪ Overweight: 25.0-29.9
▪ Obese Class 1: 30.0-34.9
▪ Obese Class 2: 35.0-39.9
▪ Obese Class 3: 40+
o Waist circumference (abnormal values)
▪ > 40 inches in men
▪ > 35 inches in women
o Body fat distribution
▪ Gynoid obesity
o Glutofemoral adipose tissue accumulation
▪ Android obesity
o Abdominal adipose tissue accumulation
o Visceral fat – increases likelihood of heart disease
• Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, and health risks of obesity.
o Etiology
▪ Energy intake > output
▪ Genetics
▪ Environmental (portion size)
This study source was downloaded by 100000815611969 from CourseHero.com on 10-27-2022 00:50:36 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/28158455/Cardiovascular-4-Obesity-Lecture-Prep-and-Study-Guidedocx/
, Cardiovascular 4 (Obesity) Lecture Prep and Study Guide
▪ Psychosocial (food with friends, “special occasions”)
o Pathogenesis
▪ Weight gain = body moving toward an overweight or obese state
▪ Adipocyte: Fat cells
o Hypertrophy
o Hyperplasia
o Release of protein & hormones
➢ Leptin = hormone that tells you when you’re full
➢ High levels of Leptin leads to Leptin resistance
o Health risks of obesity
▪ Psychologic
o Depression, low self-esteem, risk of suicide, discrimination
▪ Metabolic
o Type 2 DM, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary disease
▪ Respiratory
o Obesity hypoventilation syndrome, sleep apnea, asthma,
pulmonary hypertension
▪ Cardiovascular
o Hyperlipidemia, sudden cardiac death, right sided heart failure, left
ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, deep venous
thrombosis, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, cardiomyopathy,
venous stasis
▪ Liver/Gallbladder
o Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), gallstones
▪ Reproductive
o Woman
➢ Menstrual irregularities, infertility, gestational
diabetes, overdue births, induced labors, and longer
labors
o Men
➢ Hypogonadism
➢ Gynecomastia
▪ Musculoskeletal
o OA, impaired mobility and flexibility, gout, lumbar disk
disease, chronic low back pain
▪ Genitourinary
o End stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to diabetes and HTN,
stress incontinence
▪ Cancer
o Endometrial, breast, cervical, ovarian, uterine, and gallbladder
cancer in women; colorectal cancer in both genders, prostate cancer
in men
This study source was downloaded by 100000815611969 from CourseHero.com on 10-27-2022 00:50:36 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/28158455/Cardiovascular-4-Obesity-Lecture-Prep-and-Study-Guidedocx/
