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Biology Questions and Answers
For example, the scientific name of the
Life Kingdoms human species is "Homo sapiens",
indicating that it belongs to the genus
Homo.
Scientific nomenclature of species is
1. What is the Biology field
important because it universalizes the
that studies the classification way to refer to a species making it
of living beings? easier for people of different languages
and cultures to understand each other.
The Biology field that studies the Same species that have very different
classification of living beings is called names in different regions of the planet
Taxonomy. can be identified easily by their scientific
binomial name.
2. Into which categories are
living beings classified? 4. What are the five kingdoms
into which living beings are
Living beings are classified, from the divided? Which group of living
broader to the more particular category, being is out of this
into kingdom, phylum, class, order, classification?
family, genus and species (KPCOFGS
can be used as mnemonic). Kingdom is
The five kingdoms of living beings are
the broadest category and the others in
the kingdom Monera, the kingdom
sequence are encompassed by the
Protista, the kingdom Fungi, the
previous one.
kingdom Plantae and the kingdom
Animalia.
Viruses are out of this classification and
3. What is meant by binomial sometimes they are said to belong to
nomenclature and what are its their own kingdom, the kingdom Virus.
basic rules?
Scientific nomenclature of a species
must have, at least, two names: one 5. According to cellular
that classifies it as genus and the other organization how are living
that identifies it as species. The name beings divided into two
related to genus is the first and must groups?
begin in uppercase, the other following
names must be written in lowercase.
Besides this rule, scientific names of Cellular beings are divided into two
species must stand out and be written groups: the prokaryotes, unicellular
either in italics or underlined or still beings whose sole cell does not have a
bolded or between quotation marks. delimited nucleus, and eukaryotes, uni
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Biology Questions and Answers
or multicellular beings with cells having Which are the beings that
delimited nucleus. form the kingdom Animalia?
What are the two big groups
into which this kingdom is
divided?
6. Which are the beings that
constitute the kingdom
The kingdom Animalia is the animal
Monera? kingdom. Commonly the kingdom
Animalia is subdivided into invertebrates
The kingdom Monera is the kingdom of and vertebrates.
the prokaryotes, composed of bacteria
and archaebacteria.
11. What are the nine phyla of
the kingdom Animalia?
7. Which are the beings that
form the kingdom Protista? The nine phyla of the animal kingdom
are: Porifera (poriferans), Cnidaria
The kingdom Protista comprises (cnidarians), Platyhelminthes
protozoans and algae. (flatworms), Nematoda (roundworms),
Annelida (annelids), Mollusca
(molluscs), Arthropoda (arthropods),
Echinodermata (echinoderms) and
8. Which are the beings that Chordata (chordates).
form the kingdom Fungi?
The kingdom Fungi is formed by fungi.
12. What are the two mains
divisions of the chordate
phylum?
9. Which are the beings that
form the kingdom Plantae? Chordates are divided into
Are algae part of this protochordates (cephalochordates and
kingdom? urochordates) and vertebrates.
The kingdom Plantae is composed of
plants.
13. What are the differences
Algae are classified into the kingdom between vertebrates and the
Protista and not into the kingdom other chordates?
Plantae (they are not plants).
Vertebrates are different because they
10.
have a spinal column (vertebral
column). In these animals the
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126
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Biology Questions and Answers
notochord of the embryonic stage is promising methods to study phylogeny
substituted by the vertebral column in is the comparison of DNA molecules
adults. from different groups of living beings
researching similarities and differences
in nucleotide sequences that may
indicate more or less relatedness among
species.
14. What are the five classes
of vertebrates? To which of
these do human beings
belong?
The five classes of vertebrates are:
fishes (osteichthyes and
chondrichthyes), amphibians, reptiles,
birds and mammals. Humans classify as
mammals.
15. What is an evolutionary
tree? Is there a precise
evolutionary tree known by
science that explains the
emergence and origin of every
type of living being?
Evolutionary tree is the pictorial and
schematic representation of
evolutionary relations among species of
living beings in which the trunk (or a
preceding branch) represents common
ascendants of species and groups of
living beings that are distributed along
its branches according to hypothesis on
their origin. For example, today it is
admitted that birds and mammals are
two distinct branches of the same
preceding reptile branch.
Biology cannot assures a definite
evolutionary tree (phylogeny) on the
species of living beings that live or have
lived in our planet. There are many data
to be discovered and many knowledge
gaps to be filled. One of the most
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Biology Questions and Answers
How does water move inside
Poriferans sponges? What is the
function of the pores in these
animals?
1. What are poriferans?
Sponges are filtering beings. They make
water enter their bodies by their lateral
The phylum Porifera contains the pores. Water then circulates inside the
simplest creatures of the animal central cavity and exits through the
kingdom. Sponges are aquatic sessile osculum.
beings (they are not able to move by
themselves and they keep themselves
attached to substrates), they do not
have tissue diversity and their bodies 5. How do sponges try to
have pores (feature after which their
protect themselves against
name comes).
harm from the environment?
They are multicellular, like all beings of Is that method efficient or
the animal kingdom. rudimentary?
Sponges can close their pores to avoid
the entrance of water into their bodies
2. What is the way of life of in the presence of stimulus that may
sponges? mean danger. This method however is
rudimentary but it is actually a
Sponges live exclusively in an aquatic protection attempt against nocent
environment and they are attached by agents.
their base to a substrate (fixation
ground). Sponges are filtering animals,
they nourish themselves from nutrients
that enter their atrium brought in with 6. What are the main cells of
water. which poriferans are made?
Sponges have their outer wall covered
by flat cells called pinacocytes and
3. What is the typical shape of having pores well-delimited by special
poriferans? cells called porocytes. The internal wall
is filled with choanocytes, flagellate cells
Sponges have bodies in the form of specialized in phagocytosis of food
tubular vases or globes open in the brought to the central cavity; the
upper extremity. They have an internal choanocyte flagella also maintains the
central cavity and porous walls. The water flux inside the sponge.
central cavity is called spongocoel and
the opening in the upper extremity is Between the outer and the inner
called osculum. coverage of the poriferan body there are
4.
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128
Biology Questions and Answers
For example, the scientific name of the
Life Kingdoms human species is "Homo sapiens",
indicating that it belongs to the genus
Homo.
Scientific nomenclature of species is
1. What is the Biology field
important because it universalizes the
that studies the classification way to refer to a species making it
of living beings? easier for people of different languages
and cultures to understand each other.
The Biology field that studies the Same species that have very different
classification of living beings is called names in different regions of the planet
Taxonomy. can be identified easily by their scientific
binomial name.
2. Into which categories are
living beings classified? 4. What are the five kingdoms
into which living beings are
Living beings are classified, from the divided? Which group of living
broader to the more particular category, being is out of this
into kingdom, phylum, class, order, classification?
family, genus and species (KPCOFGS
can be used as mnemonic). Kingdom is
The five kingdoms of living beings are
the broadest category and the others in
the kingdom Monera, the kingdom
sequence are encompassed by the
Protista, the kingdom Fungi, the
previous one.
kingdom Plantae and the kingdom
Animalia.
Viruses are out of this classification and
3. What is meant by binomial sometimes they are said to belong to
nomenclature and what are its their own kingdom, the kingdom Virus.
basic rules?
Scientific nomenclature of a species
must have, at least, two names: one 5. According to cellular
that classifies it as genus and the other organization how are living
that identifies it as species. The name beings divided into two
related to genus is the first and must groups?
begin in uppercase, the other following
names must be written in lowercase.
Besides this rule, scientific names of Cellular beings are divided into two
species must stand out and be written groups: the prokaryotes, unicellular
either in italics or underlined or still beings whose sole cell does not have a
bolded or between quotation marks. delimited nucleus, and eukaryotes, uni
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125
,Buyer: Victoria Proctor ()
Biology Questions and Answers
or multicellular beings with cells having Which are the beings that
delimited nucleus. form the kingdom Animalia?
What are the two big groups
into which this kingdom is
divided?
6. Which are the beings that
constitute the kingdom
The kingdom Animalia is the animal
Monera? kingdom. Commonly the kingdom
Animalia is subdivided into invertebrates
The kingdom Monera is the kingdom of and vertebrates.
the prokaryotes, composed of bacteria
and archaebacteria.
11. What are the nine phyla of
the kingdom Animalia?
7. Which are the beings that
form the kingdom Protista? The nine phyla of the animal kingdom
are: Porifera (poriferans), Cnidaria
The kingdom Protista comprises (cnidarians), Platyhelminthes
protozoans and algae. (flatworms), Nematoda (roundworms),
Annelida (annelids), Mollusca
(molluscs), Arthropoda (arthropods),
Echinodermata (echinoderms) and
8. Which are the beings that Chordata (chordates).
form the kingdom Fungi?
The kingdom Fungi is formed by fungi.
12. What are the two mains
divisions of the chordate
phylum?
9. Which are the beings that
form the kingdom Plantae? Chordates are divided into
Are algae part of this protochordates (cephalochordates and
kingdom? urochordates) and vertebrates.
The kingdom Plantae is composed of
plants.
13. What are the differences
Algae are classified into the kingdom between vertebrates and the
Protista and not into the kingdom other chordates?
Plantae (they are not plants).
Vertebrates are different because they
10.
have a spinal column (vertebral
column). In these animals the
www.biology-questions-and-answers.com
126
,Buyer: Victoria Proctor ()
Biology Questions and Answers
notochord of the embryonic stage is promising methods to study phylogeny
substituted by the vertebral column in is the comparison of DNA molecules
adults. from different groups of living beings
researching similarities and differences
in nucleotide sequences that may
indicate more or less relatedness among
species.
14. What are the five classes
of vertebrates? To which of
these do human beings
belong?
The five classes of vertebrates are:
fishes (osteichthyes and
chondrichthyes), amphibians, reptiles,
birds and mammals. Humans classify as
mammals.
15. What is an evolutionary
tree? Is there a precise
evolutionary tree known by
science that explains the
emergence and origin of every
type of living being?
Evolutionary tree is the pictorial and
schematic representation of
evolutionary relations among species of
living beings in which the trunk (or a
preceding branch) represents common
ascendants of species and groups of
living beings that are distributed along
its branches according to hypothesis on
their origin. For example, today it is
admitted that birds and mammals are
two distinct branches of the same
preceding reptile branch.
Biology cannot assures a definite
evolutionary tree (phylogeny) on the
species of living beings that live or have
lived in our planet. There are many data
to be discovered and many knowledge
gaps to be filled. One of the most
www.biology-questions-and-answers.com
127
, Buyer: Victoria Proctor ()
Biology Questions and Answers
How does water move inside
Poriferans sponges? What is the
function of the pores in these
animals?
1. What are poriferans?
Sponges are filtering beings. They make
water enter their bodies by their lateral
The phylum Porifera contains the pores. Water then circulates inside the
simplest creatures of the animal central cavity and exits through the
kingdom. Sponges are aquatic sessile osculum.
beings (they are not able to move by
themselves and they keep themselves
attached to substrates), they do not
have tissue diversity and their bodies 5. How do sponges try to
have pores (feature after which their
protect themselves against
name comes).
harm from the environment?
They are multicellular, like all beings of Is that method efficient or
the animal kingdom. rudimentary?
Sponges can close their pores to avoid
the entrance of water into their bodies
2. What is the way of life of in the presence of stimulus that may
sponges? mean danger. This method however is
rudimentary but it is actually a
Sponges live exclusively in an aquatic protection attempt against nocent
environment and they are attached by agents.
their base to a substrate (fixation
ground). Sponges are filtering animals,
they nourish themselves from nutrients
that enter their atrium brought in with 6. What are the main cells of
water. which poriferans are made?
Sponges have their outer wall covered
by flat cells called pinacocytes and
3. What is the typical shape of having pores well-delimited by special
poriferans? cells called porocytes. The internal wall
is filled with choanocytes, flagellate cells
Sponges have bodies in the form of specialized in phagocytosis of food
tubular vases or globes open in the brought to the central cavity; the
upper extremity. They have an internal choanocyte flagella also maintains the
central cavity and porous walls. The water flux inside the sponge.
central cavity is called spongocoel and
the opening in the upper extremity is Between the outer and the inner
called osculum. coverage of the poriferan body there are
4.
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128
