National Counselor Examination NCE: Purple Book Questions Bank with
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS (446 QUESTIONS)
Freud's stages are psychosexual while Erik Erikson's stages are Correct Answer: psychosocial
In Freud's psychodynamic theory, instincts are emphasized. Erik Erikson is an ego psychologist.
Ego psychologists Correct Answer: believe in man's powers of reasoning to control behavior.
Psychodynamic theories focus on___________ __________ rather than cognitive factors when
counseling clients. Correct Answer: unconcsious processes
The ___ is logical, rational, and utilizes the power of reasoning and control to keep impulses in
check. The reality principle. Correct Answer: ego
The behaviorist generally feels that if it can't be __________ then it doesn't exist. Correct
Answer: measured
The __ is chaotic and concerned only with the body, not with the outside world. This is the
pleasure principle and houses the animalistic instincts. Correct Answer: id
The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life
span was Correct Answer: Erik Erikson
The statement "the ego is dependent on the id" would most likely reflect the work of Correct
Answer: Sigmund Freud
Known for his ideas related to adult cognitive development; especially regarding college
students. Stresses a concept known as dualistic thinking, common to teens in which things are
conceptualized as good or bad or right or wrong. Correct Answer: Robert Perry
Known for his work in strategic and problem-solving therapy, often utilizing the technique of
paradox. Claims to have acquired information by studying works of Milton H. Erickson. Correct
Answer: Jay Haley
Considered a pioneer in the behavior therapy movement, especially in regard to the use of
systematic desensitization, a technique which helps client cope with phobias. Today his name is
associated with multimodal therapy. Correct Answer: Arnold Lazarus
Known figure in the area of adult cognitive development. His model stresses interpersonal
development. His theory is billed as a "constructive model of development, meaning that
individuals construct reality through the lifespan." Correct Answer: Robert Keegan
Jean Piaget's idiographic approach created his theory with four stages. The correct order from
stage 1 to stage 4 is Correct Answer: sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal
operations
,Idiographic approaches to theories, such as Freud and Piaget, examine _________ in depth.
Correct Answer: individuals
In contrast to idiographic approaches, nomothetic approaches (such as behaviorism or the DSM)
student general principles that apply to Correct Answer: the population
Some behavioral scientists have been critical of Swiss child psychologist Jean Piaget's
developmental research inasmuch as Correct Answer: his findings were often derived from
observing his own children
A tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a small squatty pitcher. A child indicated that she
feels the small pitcher has less water. The child has not yet mastered Correct Answer:
conservation
In Piaget's theory, the term __________ refers to the notion that a substance's weight, mass, and
volume remain the same even if it changes shape. According to Piaget, the child masters this
concept during the concrete operations stage (7-11 years). Correct Answer: conservation
Conservation and counting belong in which Piaget stage? Correct Answer: Concrete Operations
In Piagetian literature, conservation would most likely refer to Correct Answer: volume or mass
__________ expanded on Piaget's conceptualization of moral development. Correct Answer:
Lawrence Kohlberg
He disagreed with Piaget's notion that developmental stages take place naturally, insisting that
the stages unfold due to educational intervention. Correct Answer: Lev Vygotsky
Perhaps the leading theorist in moral development. Used stories to determine the level of moral
development in children.. Correct Answer: Lawrence Kohlberg
Father of American behaviorism and coined the term "behaviorism" in 1912. Correct Answer:
John B. Watson
Kohlberg, Erikson, and Maslow's theories are said to be ________ in nature, meaning each stage
emerges from the one before it. Correct Answer: epigenetic
According to Jean Piaget, a child masters the concept of reversibility in the third stage, known as
concrete operations or concrete operational thought. This notion suggests Correct Answer: one
can undo an action, hence an object (say a glass of water) can return to its initial shape
During a thunderstorm, a 6-year-old child in Piaget's stage of preoperational thought (stage 2)
says, "The rain is following me." This is an example of Correct Answer: egocentrism
Lawrence Kohlberg suggested Correct Answer: three levels of morality
,The Heinz dilemma is to Kohlberg's theory as a typing test is to Correct Answer: the level of
typing skill mastered
The term "identity crisis" comes from the work of Correct Answer: Erikson
This term was coined by Abraham Maslow and popularized by learned helplessness syndrome
pioneer Martin Seligman. It refers to the study of human strengths, such as joy, wisdom,
altruism, the ability to love, happiness, and wisdom. Correct Answer: positive psychology
Kohlberg's three levels of morality are Correct Answer: preconventional, conventional,
postconventional
In Kohlberg's levels of morality, this is the level where the child responds to consequences and
reward and punishment greatly influence the behavior. Correct Answer: preconventional
In Kohlberg's levels of morality, this is the level where the individual wants to meet the
standards of family, society, and even the nation. Correct Answer: conventional
Kohlberg felt that many people never reach this level of morality, where the person is concerned
with universal, ethical principles of justice, dignity,and equality of human rights. Correct
Answer: postconventional
Trust verses mistrust is Correct Answer: Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development
Postulated the stages of infancy, childhood, the juvenile era, preadolescence, early adolescence,
and late adolescence. His theory is known as the psychiatry of interpersonal relationships.
Correct Answer: Harry Stack Sullivan
A person who has successfully mastered Erikson's first seven stages would be ready to enter
Erikson's final or eight stage, Correct Answer: integrity versus despair
In Kohlberg's first or preconventional level, the individual's moral behavior is guided by Correct
Answer: consequences
A behavioristic technique in which the goal is to weaken or eliminate a learned response by
pairing it with a stronger or desirable response Correct Answer: counterconditioning
Pioneered by Lev Vygotsky, describes the difference between a child's performance without a
teacher versus that which he or she is capable of with an instructor. Correct Answer: zone of
proximal development
Freud and Erikson could be classified as Correct Answer: Maturationists
This theory suggests that behavior is guided exclusively via hereditary factors, but that certain
behaviors will not manifest themselves until the necessary stimuli are present in the environment.
, In addition, the theory suggests that the individual's neural development must be at a certain level
of maturity for the behavior to unfold. Correct Answer: Maturation Theory
This theory focuses heavily on mindfulness (being aware of your own state of mind and the
environment) and was created by Marsha M. Linehan and is useful for clients harboring feelings
of self-harm and suicide. It is also useful with substance abuse issues. Correct Answer:
Dialectical behavior therapy
John Bowlby, the British psychiatrist, is most closely associated with Correct Answer: bonding
and attachment
Pioneer in terms of using a one-way mirror for observing children. Maturationist. Correct
Answer: Arnold Gesell
Known for separation-individual theory of child development, this person calls the child's
absolute dependence on the female caretaker "symbiosis". Difficulties in the symbiotic
relationship can result in adult psychosis. Correct Answer: Margaret Mahler
In which Eriksonian stage does the midlife crisis occur? Correct Answer: Generativity versus
stagnation
This researcher is well known for his work with maternal deprivation and isolation in rhesus
monkeys Correct Answer: Harry Harlow
The statement: "Males are better than females when performing mathematical calculations" is
Correct Answer: true according to research by Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
The Eriksonian stage that focuses heavily on sharing your life with another person is Correct
Answer: intimacy versus isolation (25 - 34 years)
We often refer to individuals as conformists. Which of these individuals would most likely
conform to his or her peers?
A 19-year old male college student
A 23-year old male drummer in a rock band
A 57-year old female stockbroker
A 13-year old male middle school student Correct Answer: A 13-year old male middle school
student
In Harry Harlow's experiments with baby moneys, the baby monkey was more likely to cling to a
Correct Answer: terry-cloth surrogate mother than a wire surrogate mother
Freud postulated the psychosexual stages: Correct Answer: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and
genital
Freudian concept of the life instinct Correct Answer: eros
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS (446 QUESTIONS)
Freud's stages are psychosexual while Erik Erikson's stages are Correct Answer: psychosocial
In Freud's psychodynamic theory, instincts are emphasized. Erik Erikson is an ego psychologist.
Ego psychologists Correct Answer: believe in man's powers of reasoning to control behavior.
Psychodynamic theories focus on___________ __________ rather than cognitive factors when
counseling clients. Correct Answer: unconcsious processes
The ___ is logical, rational, and utilizes the power of reasoning and control to keep impulses in
check. The reality principle. Correct Answer: ego
The behaviorist generally feels that if it can't be __________ then it doesn't exist. Correct
Answer: measured
The __ is chaotic and concerned only with the body, not with the outside world. This is the
pleasure principle and houses the animalistic instincts. Correct Answer: id
The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life
span was Correct Answer: Erik Erikson
The statement "the ego is dependent on the id" would most likely reflect the work of Correct
Answer: Sigmund Freud
Known for his ideas related to adult cognitive development; especially regarding college
students. Stresses a concept known as dualistic thinking, common to teens in which things are
conceptualized as good or bad or right or wrong. Correct Answer: Robert Perry
Known for his work in strategic and problem-solving therapy, often utilizing the technique of
paradox. Claims to have acquired information by studying works of Milton H. Erickson. Correct
Answer: Jay Haley
Considered a pioneer in the behavior therapy movement, especially in regard to the use of
systematic desensitization, a technique which helps client cope with phobias. Today his name is
associated with multimodal therapy. Correct Answer: Arnold Lazarus
Known figure in the area of adult cognitive development. His model stresses interpersonal
development. His theory is billed as a "constructive model of development, meaning that
individuals construct reality through the lifespan." Correct Answer: Robert Keegan
Jean Piaget's idiographic approach created his theory with four stages. The correct order from
stage 1 to stage 4 is Correct Answer: sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal
operations
,Idiographic approaches to theories, such as Freud and Piaget, examine _________ in depth.
Correct Answer: individuals
In contrast to idiographic approaches, nomothetic approaches (such as behaviorism or the DSM)
student general principles that apply to Correct Answer: the population
Some behavioral scientists have been critical of Swiss child psychologist Jean Piaget's
developmental research inasmuch as Correct Answer: his findings were often derived from
observing his own children
A tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a small squatty pitcher. A child indicated that she
feels the small pitcher has less water. The child has not yet mastered Correct Answer:
conservation
In Piaget's theory, the term __________ refers to the notion that a substance's weight, mass, and
volume remain the same even if it changes shape. According to Piaget, the child masters this
concept during the concrete operations stage (7-11 years). Correct Answer: conservation
Conservation and counting belong in which Piaget stage? Correct Answer: Concrete Operations
In Piagetian literature, conservation would most likely refer to Correct Answer: volume or mass
__________ expanded on Piaget's conceptualization of moral development. Correct Answer:
Lawrence Kohlberg
He disagreed with Piaget's notion that developmental stages take place naturally, insisting that
the stages unfold due to educational intervention. Correct Answer: Lev Vygotsky
Perhaps the leading theorist in moral development. Used stories to determine the level of moral
development in children.. Correct Answer: Lawrence Kohlberg
Father of American behaviorism and coined the term "behaviorism" in 1912. Correct Answer:
John B. Watson
Kohlberg, Erikson, and Maslow's theories are said to be ________ in nature, meaning each stage
emerges from the one before it. Correct Answer: epigenetic
According to Jean Piaget, a child masters the concept of reversibility in the third stage, known as
concrete operations or concrete operational thought. This notion suggests Correct Answer: one
can undo an action, hence an object (say a glass of water) can return to its initial shape
During a thunderstorm, a 6-year-old child in Piaget's stage of preoperational thought (stage 2)
says, "The rain is following me." This is an example of Correct Answer: egocentrism
Lawrence Kohlberg suggested Correct Answer: three levels of morality
,The Heinz dilemma is to Kohlberg's theory as a typing test is to Correct Answer: the level of
typing skill mastered
The term "identity crisis" comes from the work of Correct Answer: Erikson
This term was coined by Abraham Maslow and popularized by learned helplessness syndrome
pioneer Martin Seligman. It refers to the study of human strengths, such as joy, wisdom,
altruism, the ability to love, happiness, and wisdom. Correct Answer: positive psychology
Kohlberg's three levels of morality are Correct Answer: preconventional, conventional,
postconventional
In Kohlberg's levels of morality, this is the level where the child responds to consequences and
reward and punishment greatly influence the behavior. Correct Answer: preconventional
In Kohlberg's levels of morality, this is the level where the individual wants to meet the
standards of family, society, and even the nation. Correct Answer: conventional
Kohlberg felt that many people never reach this level of morality, where the person is concerned
with universal, ethical principles of justice, dignity,and equality of human rights. Correct
Answer: postconventional
Trust verses mistrust is Correct Answer: Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development
Postulated the stages of infancy, childhood, the juvenile era, preadolescence, early adolescence,
and late adolescence. His theory is known as the psychiatry of interpersonal relationships.
Correct Answer: Harry Stack Sullivan
A person who has successfully mastered Erikson's first seven stages would be ready to enter
Erikson's final or eight stage, Correct Answer: integrity versus despair
In Kohlberg's first or preconventional level, the individual's moral behavior is guided by Correct
Answer: consequences
A behavioristic technique in which the goal is to weaken or eliminate a learned response by
pairing it with a stronger or desirable response Correct Answer: counterconditioning
Pioneered by Lev Vygotsky, describes the difference between a child's performance without a
teacher versus that which he or she is capable of with an instructor. Correct Answer: zone of
proximal development
Freud and Erikson could be classified as Correct Answer: Maturationists
This theory suggests that behavior is guided exclusively via hereditary factors, but that certain
behaviors will not manifest themselves until the necessary stimuli are present in the environment.
, In addition, the theory suggests that the individual's neural development must be at a certain level
of maturity for the behavior to unfold. Correct Answer: Maturation Theory
This theory focuses heavily on mindfulness (being aware of your own state of mind and the
environment) and was created by Marsha M. Linehan and is useful for clients harboring feelings
of self-harm and suicide. It is also useful with substance abuse issues. Correct Answer:
Dialectical behavior therapy
John Bowlby, the British psychiatrist, is most closely associated with Correct Answer: bonding
and attachment
Pioneer in terms of using a one-way mirror for observing children. Maturationist. Correct
Answer: Arnold Gesell
Known for separation-individual theory of child development, this person calls the child's
absolute dependence on the female caretaker "symbiosis". Difficulties in the symbiotic
relationship can result in adult psychosis. Correct Answer: Margaret Mahler
In which Eriksonian stage does the midlife crisis occur? Correct Answer: Generativity versus
stagnation
This researcher is well known for his work with maternal deprivation and isolation in rhesus
monkeys Correct Answer: Harry Harlow
The statement: "Males are better than females when performing mathematical calculations" is
Correct Answer: true according to research by Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin
The Eriksonian stage that focuses heavily on sharing your life with another person is Correct
Answer: intimacy versus isolation (25 - 34 years)
We often refer to individuals as conformists. Which of these individuals would most likely
conform to his or her peers?
A 19-year old male college student
A 23-year old male drummer in a rock band
A 57-year old female stockbroker
A 13-year old male middle school student Correct Answer: A 13-year old male middle school
student
In Harry Harlow's experiments with baby moneys, the baby monkey was more likely to cling to a
Correct Answer: terry-cloth surrogate mother than a wire surrogate mother
Freud postulated the psychosexual stages: Correct Answer: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and
genital
Freudian concept of the life instinct Correct Answer: eros
