PYC1501-psychology of work Questions and complete Answers

main themes in the field of work Correct Answers 1. The concept of work 2. The dynamics of unemployment 3. The ethic of work 4. Motivation in the workplace. 4 personal meanings of work. Correct Answers 1. General, everyday purposeful activities that one is not paid to do 2. Activities that one performs in order to find work 3. Activities that are performed on a formal, regular and daily basis and that one is paid for 4. Activities that one is paid to perform on a formal, regular and daily basis as part of the oppressive circumstances in which one finds oneself. 4 evolutionary phases of work in human history. Correct Answers 1. The hunter-gatherer phase 2. The agricultural development phase 3. The industrial phase 4. The information phase. The protestant work ethic: Correct Answers Protestants believe in the goodness of work and that that one had to earn goodness through working for the glory of God - should not be idle, use available time to work because work is inherently good - what has to earn what one wants to use not entitled to anything - constantly improve skills as to work better - should not waste and consume more than is needed to satisfy basic needs surplus to be ploughed back to improve people's circumstances The mechanistic work ethic: Correct Answers - developed when people gained individual freedom. - people still worked within the constraints of strict hierarchical structures. - People at the bottom of the hierarchy had to do as they were told by people higher up in the hierarchy. This process was supported by the world-view that things work in a mechanical way. The organismic work ethic: Correct Answers - In the twentieth century the mechanistic view gave way to the idea that things work in an organismic way. - Organisms are evolving systems constantly reacting and adapting to change. - The organismic view puts a greater emphasis on the individual as an organism in its own right. - creates a work ethic in which people have to rely on themselves to develop and maintain their self-identity. - have to take personal responsibility and actualise themselves. characteristics of the post-industrial Correct Answers -. Participatory management -. Self-development -. Personal responsibility -. Work teams -. Lifelong training -. Flexible procedures. psychological factors associated with a strong work ethic Correct Answers 1. An internal locus of control - high levels of commitment - the ability to recognise and meet obligations 2. Fulfilment of needs - a need to achieve - a need for self-actualisation 3. Awareness of personal responsibility. The basic dimension/dimensions in terms of which an individual's personal meaning of work is/are described is/are: Correct Answers 1. work centrality 2. social norms about work 3. valued work goals three basic concepts of personal meanings of work Correct Answers 1. work centrality 2. social norms 3. valued work goals work centrality Correct Answers which relates to how important a person's work is in his/her life. A high degree of job centrality implies that the person attaches greater importance to his/her job than to factor in his/her life.