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static electricity and electrical forces

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explaining the basics of electrical forces, static electricity, describing insulators, conductors, and semiconductors, and charging objects

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Course

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Static Electricity and Electrical Forces → ionisation : the process of removing an electron


Electrical forces : from the electron cloud of an atom , or adding

→ according to benjamin franklin :
an electron to it .




i. there's only one fluid exchange between rubbed Particle mass Ckg) charge

objects Proton I. 67 .
10-2 >
+e


-31
2. 2 different changes were nothing more than electron 9.11.10 -
e

19
either an excess / a deficiency of that 1 fluid
-

. e = ± 1.602 -
to

→ the fluids are composed w/ small bits of matter → molecular 10ns : can be created when one


called electrons of the bonds in a large molecule is broken .




→ if a material is uncharged . the number of electrons → when objects are charged by rubbing , they

is equal to protons . hold their charge only for a limited time

→ If electrons become displaced entirely from the atoms and return to the neutral state .




of a particular material , the material still retains → the charge leaks off onto water molecules in



the visible appearance , but an important Imbalance the air .




between protons and electrons occurs . → due to the water is polar ( water molecules

→ the imbalance is responsible for the visible attraction are neutral , their charge isn't distributed

or repulsion between objects after they've been uniformly )

rubbed .
→ for (e) charged object : can be neutralised


→ electrons from the atoms
of one material are by the transfer of loosely held electrons


forced by the rubbing to leave their respective from water molecules in the air .




atoms and transfer over to the atoms of the other → during dry days : static electricity is much


material .
More noticeable since the air contains

→ atoms relieved a surplus of electrons = (→ charged fewer water molecules to allow leakage .




→ atoms lacking electrons = Ct ).
charged → on humid / rainy days : it's difficult to make


→ static electricity = result of an imbalance of this any object hold a net charge for long

fluid between objects Insulators Conductors , and semiconductors
,
:




static Electricity : → Insulators :




of rubbing and electrons are all tightly bound to the
'
can become charged as a result
'
→ .





said to possess a net electric charge . Positive nuclei and not free to move around .




→ 2 types of charge : (t) and C-) charge • even when charging by friction :
charged

→ Unlike charges attracts , like charges repel . Molecular 10ns on the surface tend to remain

→ law of conservation of charge : net amount of charged ,
not able to relieve nearby electrons

electric charge produced in any process is ten . to neutralize the 10h .




net electric charge can be created /
→ no
destroyed .

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Uploaded on
November 2, 2022
Number of pages
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Written in
2022/2023
Type
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Professor(s)
Sannia mareta
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