Cellular Biology Exam #1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
The feature that most clearly separates eukaryotes from prokaryotes is the presence of eukaryotic
cells. Correct Answer: The nucleus.
In fluorescence microscopy, the immediate source of the light detected is light that has been
_____ the sample. Correct Answer: Emitted by.
Transmission electron microscopy is used to Correct Answer: Observe subcellular organelles &
macromolecules.
Which of the following are the most commonly used mammals for genetic studies? Correct
Answer: Mice
The original cell was thought to have arisen from the self-replicating _____ by a phospholipid
membrane. Correct Answer: RNA
The genome of eukaryotes consists of genes derived from Correct Answer: Both archaebacteria
& eubacteria.
Bacteriophages are Correct Answer: Viruses that infect bacteria.
In visualizing protein localization within a cell, what are the relative advantages & disadvantages
of tagging proteins with green fluorescent protein (GFP) versus using a fluorescent antibody
specific to the protein of interest (immunofluorescence)? Correct Answer: The main advantage
of using GFP-tagged protein is that fixing, which kills cells & cause artifactual results, is not
required. This makes it possible to observe subcellular localization in live cells. The localization
of GFP-tagged proteins can be observed in real time in response to various inducers by infusing
them into the sample while on the microscope. One potential disadvantage of using GFP-tagged
proteins is that the presence of the GFP tag (which has a size of approximately 30 kilodaltons)
could alter the structure of the protein and give artifactual results. In fact, that sometimes occurs.
The most abundant molecule in cell is Correct Answer: Water
Lipids with unsaturated fatty acids Correct Answer: Increase the fluidity of membranes
What is the effect of a beta-barrel on the permeability of a membrane? Correct Answer: It
increases permeability.
Whereas small uncharged molecules can diffuse through the hydrophobic core of a phospholipid
bilayer, a larger polar substance such as glucose must enter cells by Correct Answer: Binding to
carrier proteins that facilitate the passage of specific molecules across membranes.
Passive transport across a membrane refers to Correct Answer: Transport in the energetically
favorable direction.
, In the most complete sense, "proteomics" refers to the large-scale analysis of Correct Answer:
Cell proteins, protein localization, & protein interaction networks.
Which of the following is not an analytical instrument approach that can be applied to meet the
goals of proteomics? Correct Answer: Atomic absorption analysis of the metal content of plant
tissues.
Analytical instruments include: high-throughput microscope analysis of the distribution of GFP
fusion proteins in cells, mass spectrometry, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
Proteins must have more than one ____ to have a quaternary structure. Correct Answer:
Polypeptide chain.
The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure? Correct Answer: Secondary
Which of the following is not one of the four major classes of organic molecules in the cell?
Correct Answer: Water
What is the major carbohydrate-storage molecule in plants? Correct Answer: Starch
Introducing a double bond into a fatty acid has the effect of putting a(n) _____ into the
conformation of the molecule. Correct Answer: Kink.
Molecules that are partly water-soluble and partly water-insoluble are Correct Answer:
Amphipathic
Which of the following bases is not found in DNA? Correct Answer: Uracil
Which of the following classes of amino acids is buried within the folded structure of the
protein? Correct Answer: Nonpolar
Mass spectrometry is currently the major tool used in proteomics because of its ability to assign
very precise Correct Answer: Mass-to-charge ratios to peptides, which can then be matched to
predicted values for peptides in a complete protein database.
Cell Theory Correct Answer: The cell is the basic unit of life.
What is a cell? Correct Answer: Aqueous solution of organic molecules (proteins, nucleic acids,
lipids, & carbohydrates).
Enclosed by a cell membrane.
Capacity for reproduction (mitosis & meiosis).
Carries out metabolism.
Nothing less than a cell is living.
Human body cells. Correct Answer: 10^13 cells in the human body.
>200 different types of cells in the human body
The feature that most clearly separates eukaryotes from prokaryotes is the presence of eukaryotic
cells. Correct Answer: The nucleus.
In fluorescence microscopy, the immediate source of the light detected is light that has been
_____ the sample. Correct Answer: Emitted by.
Transmission electron microscopy is used to Correct Answer: Observe subcellular organelles &
macromolecules.
Which of the following are the most commonly used mammals for genetic studies? Correct
Answer: Mice
The original cell was thought to have arisen from the self-replicating _____ by a phospholipid
membrane. Correct Answer: RNA
The genome of eukaryotes consists of genes derived from Correct Answer: Both archaebacteria
& eubacteria.
Bacteriophages are Correct Answer: Viruses that infect bacteria.
In visualizing protein localization within a cell, what are the relative advantages & disadvantages
of tagging proteins with green fluorescent protein (GFP) versus using a fluorescent antibody
specific to the protein of interest (immunofluorescence)? Correct Answer: The main advantage
of using GFP-tagged protein is that fixing, which kills cells & cause artifactual results, is not
required. This makes it possible to observe subcellular localization in live cells. The localization
of GFP-tagged proteins can be observed in real time in response to various inducers by infusing
them into the sample while on the microscope. One potential disadvantage of using GFP-tagged
proteins is that the presence of the GFP tag (which has a size of approximately 30 kilodaltons)
could alter the structure of the protein and give artifactual results. In fact, that sometimes occurs.
The most abundant molecule in cell is Correct Answer: Water
Lipids with unsaturated fatty acids Correct Answer: Increase the fluidity of membranes
What is the effect of a beta-barrel on the permeability of a membrane? Correct Answer: It
increases permeability.
Whereas small uncharged molecules can diffuse through the hydrophobic core of a phospholipid
bilayer, a larger polar substance such as glucose must enter cells by Correct Answer: Binding to
carrier proteins that facilitate the passage of specific molecules across membranes.
Passive transport across a membrane refers to Correct Answer: Transport in the energetically
favorable direction.
, In the most complete sense, "proteomics" refers to the large-scale analysis of Correct Answer:
Cell proteins, protein localization, & protein interaction networks.
Which of the following is not an analytical instrument approach that can be applied to meet the
goals of proteomics? Correct Answer: Atomic absorption analysis of the metal content of plant
tissues.
Analytical instruments include: high-throughput microscope analysis of the distribution of GFP
fusion proteins in cells, mass spectrometry, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
Proteins must have more than one ____ to have a quaternary structure. Correct Answer:
Polypeptide chain.
The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure? Correct Answer: Secondary
Which of the following is not one of the four major classes of organic molecules in the cell?
Correct Answer: Water
What is the major carbohydrate-storage molecule in plants? Correct Answer: Starch
Introducing a double bond into a fatty acid has the effect of putting a(n) _____ into the
conformation of the molecule. Correct Answer: Kink.
Molecules that are partly water-soluble and partly water-insoluble are Correct Answer:
Amphipathic
Which of the following bases is not found in DNA? Correct Answer: Uracil
Which of the following classes of amino acids is buried within the folded structure of the
protein? Correct Answer: Nonpolar
Mass spectrometry is currently the major tool used in proteomics because of its ability to assign
very precise Correct Answer: Mass-to-charge ratios to peptides, which can then be matched to
predicted values for peptides in a complete protein database.
Cell Theory Correct Answer: The cell is the basic unit of life.
What is a cell? Correct Answer: Aqueous solution of organic molecules (proteins, nucleic acids,
lipids, & carbohydrates).
Enclosed by a cell membrane.
Capacity for reproduction (mitosis & meiosis).
Carries out metabolism.
Nothing less than a cell is living.
Human body cells. Correct Answer: 10^13 cells in the human body.
>200 different types of cells in the human body
