LQB182 EXAM| 302 QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
Proteins Correct Answer: Large molecules composed of one or more long
chains of amino acids; structural components of body tissues such as muscle,
hair, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.
Lipids Correct Answer: Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty
acids, or their derivatives, and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic
solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.
Carbohydrates Correct Answer: Biological molecules made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen.
DNA Correct Answer: Deoxyribonucleic acid. A thread-like chain of
nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions
RNA Correct Answer: Messenger DNA made of Ribonucleic acid
Basic Protein Molecules Correct Answer: Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and
also contain nitrogen and sulfur
Protein Functions Correct Answer: Transport, Toxins, Communication,
Structure, Storage, Movement and Enzymatic
Monomers of proteins Correct Answer: amino acids
Shape of monomer proteins Correct Answer: linear shape
When monomers join to form a polymer that is called a Correct Answer:
polypeptide
R group Correct Answer: determines the type of amino acid (20 types in total)
Determine the folding of the linear sequence
Types of Linear Folding Correct Answer: Primary, Secondary, Quanternery,
Tertiary
,Cysteine Correct Answer: 2 surphdryl groups from 2 cystines can interact to
form a disuphide bond under oxisdisng conditions which is imprtant for the
folding of the protein
Proline Correct Answer: Its cyclic structure causes conformational ridgidity
Disrupts structure and causes turns in protein sequemce
Stable at high temperatures
-> Thermophylic organisms use it
4 Things that alter protein conformation Correct Answer: temperature
pH
sequence of the amino acids
presence or absence of a co-factor
Semipermeable Correct Answer: The plasma membrane is not permeable to
everything. Some molecules pass over easily by diffusion (from side of high
concentration to side of low concentration down the diffusion gradient) but
some molecules are unable to pass over the membrane.
Diffusion Correct Answer: The tendency for molecules of particular substance
to spread out evenly into the available space
Osmosis Correct Answer: Movement of water from a solution of low
concentration through a semi-permeable membrane to a solution of high
concentration
Hypertonic (Red Blood Cells) Correct Answer: Cell will lose water and shrink
Hypotonic (Red Blood Cells) Correct Answer: Cell will gain water and expand
to large size and possibly burst
Isotonic (Red Blood Cells) Correct Answer: Cell will gain water and expand to
normal size
Tonicity Correct Answer: ability of a solution that surrounds the cell to cause
the cell to gain or lose water
6 Major Functions of Membrane Proteins Correct Answer: 1. Transport
, 2. Enzymatic
3. Signal transduction
4. Cell to cell recognition
5. Intercellular joining
6. Attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
carrier proteins Correct Answer: Uniport carriers carry a single molecule
Symport carriers carry two molecules together in the same direction
Antiport carriers carry two molecules in opposite directions
Passive diffusion Correct Answer: a molecule moves across a semipermeable
membrane down its concentration gradient (from side of high concentration to
side of low concentration)
Facilitation diffusion Correct Answer: passage across the semipermeable
membrane is aided by an integral membrane protein that acts as a channel or
carrier but does not require energy
Active transport Correct Answer: transport of a molecule across a membrane,
often against its concentration gradient, and requiring energy supplied from
ATP
Three important steps when a signal molecule interacts with a receptor protein
Correct Answer: 1. Signal reception
2. Signal transduction
3. Response
Exocytosis Correct Answer: The process by which cellular contents contained
in secretory vesicles are released to the outside of the cell
Endocytosis Correct Answer: Cellular uptake of biological molecules and
particulate matter via formation of vesicles from the plasma membrane
Phagocytosis Correct Answer: a process by which a cell engulfs a large particle
(food) by invagination of part of the plasma membrane to form a large food
vacuole
Monomers of Carbohydrates Correct Answer: monosaccharides
Proteins Correct Answer: Large molecules composed of one or more long
chains of amino acids; structural components of body tissues such as muscle,
hair, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.
Lipids Correct Answer: Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty
acids, or their derivatives, and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic
solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.
Carbohydrates Correct Answer: Biological molecules made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen.
DNA Correct Answer: Deoxyribonucleic acid. A thread-like chain of
nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions
RNA Correct Answer: Messenger DNA made of Ribonucleic acid
Basic Protein Molecules Correct Answer: Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and
also contain nitrogen and sulfur
Protein Functions Correct Answer: Transport, Toxins, Communication,
Structure, Storage, Movement and Enzymatic
Monomers of proteins Correct Answer: amino acids
Shape of monomer proteins Correct Answer: linear shape
When monomers join to form a polymer that is called a Correct Answer:
polypeptide
R group Correct Answer: determines the type of amino acid (20 types in total)
Determine the folding of the linear sequence
Types of Linear Folding Correct Answer: Primary, Secondary, Quanternery,
Tertiary
,Cysteine Correct Answer: 2 surphdryl groups from 2 cystines can interact to
form a disuphide bond under oxisdisng conditions which is imprtant for the
folding of the protein
Proline Correct Answer: Its cyclic structure causes conformational ridgidity
Disrupts structure and causes turns in protein sequemce
Stable at high temperatures
-> Thermophylic organisms use it
4 Things that alter protein conformation Correct Answer: temperature
pH
sequence of the amino acids
presence or absence of a co-factor
Semipermeable Correct Answer: The plasma membrane is not permeable to
everything. Some molecules pass over easily by diffusion (from side of high
concentration to side of low concentration down the diffusion gradient) but
some molecules are unable to pass over the membrane.
Diffusion Correct Answer: The tendency for molecules of particular substance
to spread out evenly into the available space
Osmosis Correct Answer: Movement of water from a solution of low
concentration through a semi-permeable membrane to a solution of high
concentration
Hypertonic (Red Blood Cells) Correct Answer: Cell will lose water and shrink
Hypotonic (Red Blood Cells) Correct Answer: Cell will gain water and expand
to large size and possibly burst
Isotonic (Red Blood Cells) Correct Answer: Cell will gain water and expand to
normal size
Tonicity Correct Answer: ability of a solution that surrounds the cell to cause
the cell to gain or lose water
6 Major Functions of Membrane Proteins Correct Answer: 1. Transport
, 2. Enzymatic
3. Signal transduction
4. Cell to cell recognition
5. Intercellular joining
6. Attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
carrier proteins Correct Answer: Uniport carriers carry a single molecule
Symport carriers carry two molecules together in the same direction
Antiport carriers carry two molecules in opposite directions
Passive diffusion Correct Answer: a molecule moves across a semipermeable
membrane down its concentration gradient (from side of high concentration to
side of low concentration)
Facilitation diffusion Correct Answer: passage across the semipermeable
membrane is aided by an integral membrane protein that acts as a channel or
carrier but does not require energy
Active transport Correct Answer: transport of a molecule across a membrane,
often against its concentration gradient, and requiring energy supplied from
ATP
Three important steps when a signal molecule interacts with a receptor protein
Correct Answer: 1. Signal reception
2. Signal transduction
3. Response
Exocytosis Correct Answer: The process by which cellular contents contained
in secretory vesicles are released to the outside of the cell
Endocytosis Correct Answer: Cellular uptake of biological molecules and
particulate matter via formation of vesicles from the plasma membrane
Phagocytosis Correct Answer: a process by which a cell engulfs a large particle
(food) by invagination of part of the plasma membrane to form a large food
vacuole
Monomers of Carbohydrates Correct Answer: monosaccharides
