Alphabetical listing of pathologies
(A to O)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
ARDS can be caused by a wide variety of factors including pneumonia,
sepsis, smoke inhalation, aspiration, major trauma and burns. As a
result, the body launches an inflam- matory response that affects the
alveolar epithelium and pulmonary capillaries.
Adhesive capsulitis
A condition that affects the glenohumeral joint synovial capsule and is
characterized by a significant restriction of active and passive shoulder
movement.
The aetiology is unknown .It normally follows three distinct phases, each
lasting approximately 6–9 months (although this can be extremely
variable):
Phase 1: increasing pain accompanied by increasing stiffness
Phase 2: decreasing pain with the stiffness remaining
Phase 3: decreasing stiffness and gradual return to normal function
Also known as frozen shoulder.
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
Caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),
which destroys a subgroup of lymphocytes and monocytes, resulting in
suppression of the immune system. Signs and symptoms include fever,
malaise, painful throat, swollen lymph nodes and aching muscles in
the initial period following infection.
Alzheimer’s disease
A form of dementia that is characterized by slow, progressive mental
deterioration.
, Ankylosing spondylitis
A chronic inflammatory disease of synovial joints, involving the capsule
and its attached ligaments and tendons.
Asthma
A chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that makes them hyper-
responsive to a wide range of stimuli including allergens, pollution,
infection, exercise and stress.
Baker’s cyst
Distension of the popliteal bursa, which may be accompanied by
herniation of the synovial membrane of the knee- joint capsule forming
a fluid-filled sac at the back of the knee.
Bell’s palsy
An acute, lower motor neuron paralysis of the face, usually unilateral,
related to inflammation and swelling of the facial nerve (VII) within the
facial canal or at the stylomastoid foramen.
Boutonnière deformity
A flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint combined with
a hyperextension deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint.
Broca’s dysphasia
A lesion of Broca’s area, on the inferior frontal cortex, causing non-
fluent, hesitant speech that is characterized by poor grammar and
reduced word output while meaning is preserved.
Bronchiectasis
Dilatation and destruction of the bronchi as a result of recurrent
inflammation or infection.
Bronchiolitis
(A to O)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
ARDS can be caused by a wide variety of factors including pneumonia,
sepsis, smoke inhalation, aspiration, major trauma and burns. As a
result, the body launches an inflam- matory response that affects the
alveolar epithelium and pulmonary capillaries.
Adhesive capsulitis
A condition that affects the glenohumeral joint synovial capsule and is
characterized by a significant restriction of active and passive shoulder
movement.
The aetiology is unknown .It normally follows three distinct phases, each
lasting approximately 6–9 months (although this can be extremely
variable):
Phase 1: increasing pain accompanied by increasing stiffness
Phase 2: decreasing pain with the stiffness remaining
Phase 3: decreasing stiffness and gradual return to normal function
Also known as frozen shoulder.
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
Caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),
which destroys a subgroup of lymphocytes and monocytes, resulting in
suppression of the immune system. Signs and symptoms include fever,
malaise, painful throat, swollen lymph nodes and aching muscles in
the initial period following infection.
Alzheimer’s disease
A form of dementia that is characterized by slow, progressive mental
deterioration.
, Ankylosing spondylitis
A chronic inflammatory disease of synovial joints, involving the capsule
and its attached ligaments and tendons.
Asthma
A chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that makes them hyper-
responsive to a wide range of stimuli including allergens, pollution,
infection, exercise and stress.
Baker’s cyst
Distension of the popliteal bursa, which may be accompanied by
herniation of the synovial membrane of the knee- joint capsule forming
a fluid-filled sac at the back of the knee.
Bell’s palsy
An acute, lower motor neuron paralysis of the face, usually unilateral,
related to inflammation and swelling of the facial nerve (VII) within the
facial canal or at the stylomastoid foramen.
Boutonnière deformity
A flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint combined with
a hyperextension deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint.
Broca’s dysphasia
A lesion of Broca’s area, on the inferior frontal cortex, causing non-
fluent, hesitant speech that is characterized by poor grammar and
reduced word output while meaning is preserved.
Bronchiectasis
Dilatation and destruction of the bronchi as a result of recurrent
inflammation or infection.
Bronchiolitis
