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Summary Biology OCR A: Hormonal Communication (A*)

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In depth detailed notes on Hormonal Communication based on the OCR A A-level Biology specification. The notes are embedded with marking points taken directly from past papers, sample papers and question banks. The notes are neat, detailed and organised.

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Institution
OCR
Course
Hormonal Communication

Content preview

14 HORMONAL COMMUNICATION
systemuseshormonesto
Endocrine sendinformationaboutchangesintheenvironmentaroundthebodytobringabouta coordinated
response


TheEndocrineSystem
made
upofendocrineglands
ENDOCRINEGLAND group
ofcellsspecialisedtosecretechemicalsknownashormones
directlyintobloodstream
examples ofendocrineglandspancreasandadrenalgland
pituitaryGlandmaster
gland
at ofthe
base brain
thereleaseofotherhormones
makesseveralhormoneswhichinturncontrol
hormonalresponses arecloselylinkedandcoordinated
hypothalamusensures nervousand
closeproximityto




EXOCRINE GLANDS Secrete chemicalsthroughductsintoorgans ortothesurfaceofthebody

Hormones
chemicalmessengers thatcarryinformationfromone
partofthebodytoanother
Theycanbe
steroids

proteins amines
glycoproteins tyrosinederivatives

Whenarehormonesdirectlysecretedintobloodstream
changein concentrationof a particularsubstance
anotherhormone
impulse

Oncesecreted thehormones aretransported inthebloodplasma all overthebodyThehormones
diffuseoutofthebloodandbindtospecificreceptors forthathormonefoundonmembranes orcytoplasm
ofcellsintargetorgans
TARGETCELLS

, TypeofHormone determineseffecton a targetcell

STEROIDHORMONES

lipidsoluble
passthroughlipidcomponentofthecellmembrane andbindtosteroidhormone receptors
thisforms HORMONERECEPTORCOMPLEX
receptorsmaybepresent incytoplasmornucleus depending on hormone


hormonereceptorcomplexacts as a transcriptionfactorwhichthenfacilitatesorinhibitsthe
transcription ofaspecificgene
example Oestrogen

NONSTEROIDHORMONES
thecellmembrane
hydrophilic cannotpassdirectlythrough
theybindtospecificreceptors onthecellsurfacemembraneoftargetcell
triggersacascadereactionmediatedbychemicalscalledSECOND MESSENGERS

example Adrenaline

Hormonal V Neuronal

Hormones areslowed and lessspeafic comparedtoneuronalcommunication
because hormonesnotdirectly released intotargetcells
Hormones havea ungerlastingandwidespreadefted

notbrokendown asquickly as neurotransmitters
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Connected book

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Ann Fullick, Jo Locke A Level Biology A for OCR Student Book
  • april 2015
  • 9780198351917
  • 1

Written for

Study Level
A/AS Level
Examinator
OCR
Subject
Biology A
Unit
Hormonal Communication
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Summarized whole book?
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Which chapters are summarized?
Chapter 14
Uploaded on
November 4, 2022
Number of pages
14
Written in
2022/2023
Type
SUMMARY

Subjects

  • hormonal communication
  • hormones
  • biology
  • ocr a
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