MCAT EXAM| 1090 QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
osmotic pressure Correct Answer: pi=iMRT
fusion Correct Answer: solid to liquid
Crystallization Correct Answer: Liquid to solid
Sublimation Correct Answer: solid to gas
Deposition Correct Answer: Gas to solid
Endergonic (non-spontaneous) Correct Answer: +ΔG = +ΔH -T*ΔS
exergonic (spontaneous) Correct Answer: -ΔG = -ΔH +TΔS
Pauli exclusion principle Correct Answer: No more than two electrons in a subshell
Hund's principle Correct Answer: Electrons occupy different subshells before pairing up {ex:
2s1 and 2p1 2p1 2p0}
Aufbau's principle Correct Answer: Electrons occupy the lowest energy shell first
Principal number (n) Correct Answer: Number of shells/orbits
Subshell (l) Correct Answer: Path of electrons
Z Correct Answer: cis
E Correct Answer: trans
keto enol Correct Answer:
An anomeric carbon in a cyclic monosaccharide is Correct Answer: an invertible epimer
capacitance Correct Answer: C = Q/V
Which direction will a molecule with no chiral carbons rotate light? Correct Answer: it won't
unless it has a chiral carbon, and the direction can only be found experimentally
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation Correct Answer: pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA]
pKa and Ka Correct Answer: pKa = -logKa
Ka = 10^-pKa
,Which reaction does carbonic anhydrase catalyze? Correct Answer: H2CO3 → H2O + CO2
(this is a reversable rxn)
T or F: After consumption of a carbonated pop, carbonic anhydrase effects the pH of the blood at
equilibrium Correct Answer: F! Enzymes DO NOT change equillibrium concentrations, they
ONLY speed up the rate
When [A-] = [HA], Correct Answer: pH = pKa
How many groups are bonded to the central atom in an octehedral complex? Correct Answer: 6
ammonium Correct Answer: NH4+
ammonia Correct Answer: NH3
Reaction orders Correct Answer:
ideal gas law Correct Answer: PV = nRT
R: .0821
1atm = Correct Answer: 760 torr
ionization energy Correct Answer: N>O but otherwise follows the same trend as
electronegativity
sound, distance relationship Correct Answer: db +or- change in x2
B-oxidation Correct Answer: If even: # acetal CoA = #carbons/2
If odd: then subtract 1 from this and that molecule is a succinyl CoA
oxidation cycles = #carbons/2 -1
G (giga) Correct Answer: 10⁹
pico (p) Correct Answer: 10^-12
nano Correct Answer: 10^-9
Which amino acid on histones gets acetylated to form euchromatin? Correct Answer: Lysine-
now has no charge
What has circular DNA? Correct Answer: prokaryotes
Is prokaryotes dna double stranded? Correct Answer: Yes
What is the nuclear envelope? Correct Answer: nuclear membrane
,What transporter is within the nuclear membrane? Correct Answer: Pores- let mature mrna exit
cell and let's substrates and transcription factors and lysine if viruses in
Prokaryote ribosomes Correct Answer: 70S (50S + 30S)
Eukaryotes ribosomes: Correct Answer: 80S (60S+40S)
Chloroplasts are found in what kind of cells Correct Answer: Eukaryotic plant cells
For prokaryotes, in the plasma membrane, is the electron transport chain aerobic or anaerobic?
Correct Answer: Usually aerobic with oxygen as the final acceptor, can be anaerobic if sulfur is
the final electron acceptor
Photoautotrophs Correct Answer: Organisms that use light as a source of energy to synthesize
organic substances.
Chemoheterotrophs Correct Answer: An organism that must consume organic molecules for
both energy and carbon.
Autotroph Correct Answer: an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from
simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.
Heterotroph Correct Answer: organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also
called a consumer
Photoheterotrophs Correct Answer: An organism that uses light to generate ATP but that must
obtain carbon in organic form.
Chemoheterotrophs Correct Answer: An organism that must consume organic molecules for
both energy and carbon.
Hematocrit Correct Answer: percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells
Mitochondria metabolism Correct Answer: FAO, acetyl CoA production, TCA cycle, oxidative
phosphorylation
ATP synthase pumps protons where Correct Answer: From the inner to the matrix
When does beta oxidation occur in peroxisomes? Correct Answer: With very long fatty acids
(more than 22 carbons)
substrate-level phosphorylation Correct Answer: The enzyme-catalyzed formation of ATP by
direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
Without using mitochondria!
Where does one inherit mitochondrial dna Correct Answer: Mother
, When does binary fission of the mitochondria occur Correct Answer: During S phase of
interphase
What do lysosomes do? Correct Answer: membrane packages that break down things
endocytosed and made by the cell with digestive enzymes
Smooth ER function Correct Answer: lipid synthesis, detoxification, calcium storage (known as
the sarcoplasmic reticulum in myocytes)
Golgi function Correct Answer: Post transcriptional modification, then packaging
Enterograde Correct Answer: Nucleus> rough ER> smooth ER> Golgi> vesicles> membrane
anterior cingulate cortex Correct Answer: Processes emotion related to a stimulus
Where does your brain perceive stimuli Correct Answer: In the cortexes
Propioception Correct Answer: perception of the body's position and posture in space
TrpV1 Receptor Correct Answer: Sensitive to both heat and pain (either causes change in
conformation which signals to brain)
Gay-Lussac's Law Correct Answer: P1/T1 = P2/T2
Boyle's Law Correct Answer: P1V1 = P2V2
What kind of odorant receptor is present in the olfactory epithelium? Correct Answer: GPCR
What protein transporters are used in gustation? Correct Answer: - voltage gated ion channel
and GCPR
Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and ependymal cells are all types of Correct Answer: Macroglial
Cells
A dramatic change in what variable is most likely to improve health outcomes in high mortality
countries? Correct Answer: avg income
socioeconomic status (SES) Correct Answer: A division of population based on occupation,
income, and education.
measurement bias Correct Answer: a form of measurement that sways people to respond to a
study in a biased way
implicit bias Correct Answer: attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and
decisions in an unconscious manner
SOLUTIONS
osmotic pressure Correct Answer: pi=iMRT
fusion Correct Answer: solid to liquid
Crystallization Correct Answer: Liquid to solid
Sublimation Correct Answer: solid to gas
Deposition Correct Answer: Gas to solid
Endergonic (non-spontaneous) Correct Answer: +ΔG = +ΔH -T*ΔS
exergonic (spontaneous) Correct Answer: -ΔG = -ΔH +TΔS
Pauli exclusion principle Correct Answer: No more than two electrons in a subshell
Hund's principle Correct Answer: Electrons occupy different subshells before pairing up {ex:
2s1 and 2p1 2p1 2p0}
Aufbau's principle Correct Answer: Electrons occupy the lowest energy shell first
Principal number (n) Correct Answer: Number of shells/orbits
Subshell (l) Correct Answer: Path of electrons
Z Correct Answer: cis
E Correct Answer: trans
keto enol Correct Answer:
An anomeric carbon in a cyclic monosaccharide is Correct Answer: an invertible epimer
capacitance Correct Answer: C = Q/V
Which direction will a molecule with no chiral carbons rotate light? Correct Answer: it won't
unless it has a chiral carbon, and the direction can only be found experimentally
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation Correct Answer: pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA]
pKa and Ka Correct Answer: pKa = -logKa
Ka = 10^-pKa
,Which reaction does carbonic anhydrase catalyze? Correct Answer: H2CO3 → H2O + CO2
(this is a reversable rxn)
T or F: After consumption of a carbonated pop, carbonic anhydrase effects the pH of the blood at
equilibrium Correct Answer: F! Enzymes DO NOT change equillibrium concentrations, they
ONLY speed up the rate
When [A-] = [HA], Correct Answer: pH = pKa
How many groups are bonded to the central atom in an octehedral complex? Correct Answer: 6
ammonium Correct Answer: NH4+
ammonia Correct Answer: NH3
Reaction orders Correct Answer:
ideal gas law Correct Answer: PV = nRT
R: .0821
1atm = Correct Answer: 760 torr
ionization energy Correct Answer: N>O but otherwise follows the same trend as
electronegativity
sound, distance relationship Correct Answer: db +or- change in x2
B-oxidation Correct Answer: If even: # acetal CoA = #carbons/2
If odd: then subtract 1 from this and that molecule is a succinyl CoA
oxidation cycles = #carbons/2 -1
G (giga) Correct Answer: 10⁹
pico (p) Correct Answer: 10^-12
nano Correct Answer: 10^-9
Which amino acid on histones gets acetylated to form euchromatin? Correct Answer: Lysine-
now has no charge
What has circular DNA? Correct Answer: prokaryotes
Is prokaryotes dna double stranded? Correct Answer: Yes
What is the nuclear envelope? Correct Answer: nuclear membrane
,What transporter is within the nuclear membrane? Correct Answer: Pores- let mature mrna exit
cell and let's substrates and transcription factors and lysine if viruses in
Prokaryote ribosomes Correct Answer: 70S (50S + 30S)
Eukaryotes ribosomes: Correct Answer: 80S (60S+40S)
Chloroplasts are found in what kind of cells Correct Answer: Eukaryotic plant cells
For prokaryotes, in the plasma membrane, is the electron transport chain aerobic or anaerobic?
Correct Answer: Usually aerobic with oxygen as the final acceptor, can be anaerobic if sulfur is
the final electron acceptor
Photoautotrophs Correct Answer: Organisms that use light as a source of energy to synthesize
organic substances.
Chemoheterotrophs Correct Answer: An organism that must consume organic molecules for
both energy and carbon.
Autotroph Correct Answer: an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from
simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.
Heterotroph Correct Answer: organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also
called a consumer
Photoheterotrophs Correct Answer: An organism that uses light to generate ATP but that must
obtain carbon in organic form.
Chemoheterotrophs Correct Answer: An organism that must consume organic molecules for
both energy and carbon.
Hematocrit Correct Answer: percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells
Mitochondria metabolism Correct Answer: FAO, acetyl CoA production, TCA cycle, oxidative
phosphorylation
ATP synthase pumps protons where Correct Answer: From the inner to the matrix
When does beta oxidation occur in peroxisomes? Correct Answer: With very long fatty acids
(more than 22 carbons)
substrate-level phosphorylation Correct Answer: The enzyme-catalyzed formation of ATP by
direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
Without using mitochondria!
Where does one inherit mitochondrial dna Correct Answer: Mother
, When does binary fission of the mitochondria occur Correct Answer: During S phase of
interphase
What do lysosomes do? Correct Answer: membrane packages that break down things
endocytosed and made by the cell with digestive enzymes
Smooth ER function Correct Answer: lipid synthesis, detoxification, calcium storage (known as
the sarcoplasmic reticulum in myocytes)
Golgi function Correct Answer: Post transcriptional modification, then packaging
Enterograde Correct Answer: Nucleus> rough ER> smooth ER> Golgi> vesicles> membrane
anterior cingulate cortex Correct Answer: Processes emotion related to a stimulus
Where does your brain perceive stimuli Correct Answer: In the cortexes
Propioception Correct Answer: perception of the body's position and posture in space
TrpV1 Receptor Correct Answer: Sensitive to both heat and pain (either causes change in
conformation which signals to brain)
Gay-Lussac's Law Correct Answer: P1/T1 = P2/T2
Boyle's Law Correct Answer: P1V1 = P2V2
What kind of odorant receptor is present in the olfactory epithelium? Correct Answer: GPCR
What protein transporters are used in gustation? Correct Answer: - voltage gated ion channel
and GCPR
Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and ependymal cells are all types of Correct Answer: Macroglial
Cells
A dramatic change in what variable is most likely to improve health outcomes in high mortality
countries? Correct Answer: avg income
socioeconomic status (SES) Correct Answer: A division of population based on occupation,
income, and education.
measurement bias Correct Answer: a form of measurement that sways people to respond to a
study in a biased way
implicit bias Correct Answer: attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and
decisions in an unconscious manner
