NEW DAVITA PCT EXAM WITH GRADED A+

NEW DAVITA PCT EXAM WITH GRADED A+ Number 1 & 2 cause of (CKD) chronic kidney diease - answer1- diabetes 2-hypertension In (AKI) acute kidney injury it is better to keep patients? - answertoo wet, rather than too dry with fluid removal goals 3 sub-groups of ckd? - answer1-pre-renal-interferes w/ BF to the kidneys, causes-injuries/renal artery clot 2-intra-renal-damages nephron directly, causes-diabetes/hypertension/PKD 3-post-renal-any condition interfering w/ urine leaving the bladder, causes-kidney stones/enlarged prostate Acceptable conductivity range of dialysate? - answer13-15.5ms +/- 0.4 Acceptable PH range of bicarb? - answer6.9-7.6 PH Hemodialysis (HD) replaces approximately how much of normal kidney function? - answer15% In patients w/ kidney failure, what is recommended to use if they are having issues w/ their skin, such as dryness? - answerhyper fatted/super fatted soaps and lotions There is no specific tx for a patient w/ peripheral neuropathy, but it is recommended that a patient should? - answernot walk barefoot check feet for cuts test bath water to ensure it is not too hot Filtration - answerfluid passing through a semi-permeable membrane, controlled by hydrostatic pressure EX. coffee filter Ultrafiltration (UF) - answercontrolled fluid removal by manipulation of hydrostatic pressure Convection - answersolutes dragged across the semi-permeable membrane along w/ the fluid Diffusion - answerthe process by which particles (solutes) move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration normal acid-base balance of the body? - answer7.35-7.45 PH How do kidneys control blood pressure? - answerrenin-angiotensin system Erythropoiesis - answerfunction of the kidneys that control the production of red blood cells 3 functions of normal working kidneys? - answer1-endocrine system- a. renin-angiotensin-BP regulation b. erythropoiesis-RBC production, activation of vitamin D3 & serum Ca regulation 2-acid concentration- maintain normal body PH, excreting acids & reabsorbing bicarbonates 3-excretory functions- waste removal, acid-base balance, fluid/electrolyte balance Anemia medications? - answerepogen IV iron 2 most common causes of death for a dialysis patient? - answer1-heart attack 2-infection Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) are mainly routed by? - answercontact transmission of infection hands/surfaces Most common infectious complications among HD patients? - answervascular access infections How long can MRSA bacteria remain on a surface? - answerfor days, especially on plastic/vinyl Breakdown product of chlorine that causes hemolysis? - answerchloramines Hemolysis - answerthe rupture or destruction of red blood cells blood is visibly cherry red kool-aid colored Chlorine + Chloramines = - answerhemolysis What does the water softener remove? - answercalcium and magnesium How often is carbon filter monitoring done? CM130 - answertakes chlorine samples every 5 minutes When do you test the carbon filter monitoring? - answerPrior to the first tx of the day, then within every 4 hours *RO must run 15 min. prior to testing What are the limits for carbon filter monitoring? - answer0.1mg/L or less What does reverse osmosis (RO) remove? - answerorganic/inorganic contaminants bacteria/endotoxins Primary device used for water purification in dialysis? - answerReverse Osmosis 3 responses to final water quality alarm? - answer1-put all machines in bypass mode 2-notify RN, FA, Biomed 3-if water quality cannot be restored, terminate all treatments D.A.R.N. - answerDesire Ability Reasons Need W.E. C.A.R.E - answerWelcome Empathize Connect Actively listen Respect Encourage Fever-when to notify RN - answera rise in the temperature of the body greater than 100 degrees F or an increase over baseline of 2 degrees F w/ symptoms Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome (DDS) - answerrare but life threatening complication during initial stage of hemodialysis prevention-slowing rate of HD. HD can lead to excess fluid in brain, cerebral edema signs/symptoms-headache, restlessness, seizure How a patient is to be positioned if they have an air embolism? - answerleft side Trendelenburg NFACT - answerNew fistula assessment and cannulation team NFACT defines an intermediate cannulator as? - answerat least 6 months of AVF cannulation experience & at least 10 successful cannulations on established fistulas When cannulating, the tips of the needles should be at least - answer1.5" or the width of 2 fingers apart