Portage Learning BIOD 151 Module 3 Exam Study Guide w Brand New Questions A++ ().

Portage Learning BIOD 151 Module 3 Exam Study Guide w/ Brand New Questions A++ () M3: Exam- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers. Your Answer: Gastrin stimulates the secretaion of pepsinogenes and HCL. If it is excess amounr that means it would be lead to erosion of the stomach. Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the stomach lining. Explain in detail how the stomach contents enter the small intestine. Your Answer: There is the pyloric sphincter at thebase of stomach. Therefore, this valve relaxes causing a small quantity of chyme to pass the opening into the first part of small intestine. And then, this initiates a reflex. That is why the muscles of the sphincter to contrcat and close the openinf temporarily. After sphincter relaxes again and it allows more chyme to enter. The pyloric sphincter (valve), located at the base of the stomach, relaxes causing a small quantity of chyme to pass through the opening into the first part of the small intestine. This initiates a reflex that causes the muscles of the sphincter to contract and close the opening temporarily. Then the sphincter relaxes again and allows more chyme to enter. Look carefully at the diagram below. Label the following 5 organs of the digestive system. To receive credit for the intestines you must label the specific region. 3: 4: 7: 9: 10: Your Answer: 3: Stomach 4: Gallbladder 7: Jejenum 9: Appendix 10: Rectum 3: Stomach 4: Gallbladder 7: Jejunum (not small intestine) 9: Appendix (not large intestine) 10: Rectum (not large intestine) A patient is experiencing vitamin toxicity. What type of vitamin would be causing this toxicity? Explain your answer. A. Water soluble vitamin B. Fat soluble vitamin C. All of the above Your Answer: Fat soluble vitamin. These vitamins are stored within the body's fat stores making it harder for the body to rid itself of them. Therefore it can cause vitamin toxicity. B. Fat soluble vitamin. Fat soluble vitamins are stored within the body’s fat stores making it harder for the body to rid itself of them. Explain which digestive system functions are carried out by the large intestine. Your Answer: Absorption: Water and electrolytes are reabsorbed and vitamins are absorbed. Defecation ; Feces goes to the rectum then excreted va anus. Absorption: In the large intestine water and electrolytes are reabsorbed and vitamins are absorbed. Defecation: Feces travel to the rectum where it is excreted via the anus. Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. Answer the following essay question: Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions and purposes. Your Answer: Parietal cells located in the wall of stomach body secrete HCL acid, generate a pH of 1.3-3.5. This acidite kills many bacteria. Also, the low pH stops the activity of salivary amylase.Secretion of HCL acis is essential in the activate of pepsin. Chief cells produces pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is secreted by the chief cells in the stomach. HCL acid converts the inactive pepsinogen into the active enzyme pepsin and then it begins breakdown of proteins. The parietal cells (located in the wall of the stomach body) secrete hydrochloric acid, generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. This very acidic pH kills many of the bacteria ingested along with food. In addition, the low pH stops the activity of salivary amylase. The secretion of hydrochloric acid is essential in the activation of pepsin. Chief cells: secrete pepsinogen. Pepsinogen (a pre-enzyme) is secreted by the chief cells in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid converts the inactive pepsinogen (secreted by the chief cells) into the active enzyme pepsin which begins the breakdown of proteins. Match the digestive organ with the one substance it produces: Large intestine Stomach Small intestine Other Incorrect Match Options: • Bile • Salivary amylase • Trypsin What is the purpose of the hormone Leptin? Increase hunger, decrease satiety Increase hunger, increase satiety Decrease hunger, increase satiety Decrease hunger, decrease satiety Which of the following statements is false? Taste buds are located on the surface of the mouth and the wall of the pharynx. The ileocecal valve controls the entrance of chyme into to the small intestine. (It controls the entrance to the large intestine) The gall bladder, teeth, and tongue are considered accessory organs to the digestive system. The alimentary canal is a continuous muscular tube, open at both ends. Question 10 2 / 2 pts True/False: Lipids can be divided into three categories: saturated fat, unsaturated fat, and cholesterol. True False True/False: Anabolism combines smaller molecules to make larger molecules. True False True/False: The oropharynx is the most superior region of the pharynx. True False (The nasopharynx is the most superior region) True/False: The pharynx has two types of skeletal muscle: circumferential and oblique. True False (It does not include an oblique layer) True/False: The digestive work of salivary amylase is an example of mechanical digestion. True False (Chemical digestion) Label the following three types of raised bumps on the tongue. Describe the purpose of type C. A: B: C: Describe C: Your Answer: A. Filiform papillae B: Circumvallete papillae C; Fungiform Papillae C: They are raised bumps and located on the tounge.Fungiform papillae contain taste buds. There type of papillae help to grip food on the tounge. A: Filiform papillae B: Circumvallate papillae C: Fungiform papillae Describe C: The papillae are raised bumps on the tongue. The three types of papillae help to grip food on the tongue: circumvallate, fungiform and filiform. Fungiform papillae contain taste buds. Which of the following statements is true concerning glycolysis? Pyruvic acid are broken down into glucose. Two ATP molecules are formed in first breakdown of glucose. Glucose is broken down into three pyruvate molecules. Glucose is broken down into two sucrose molecules. Which of the following statements is false concerning the second stage of glucose breakdown? This second stage is also known as the TCA cycle. Pyruvic acid is converted to carbon dioxide. Additional ATP is formed. This is also known as the electron transport system. Which of the following statements is false concerning the Electron Transport System? Anaerobic respiration is more efficient than aerobic respiration. Approximately a total of 34 ATP are formed. Protons are pumped out of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The proton motive force forms ATP molecules. Label the diagram below, including left or right. Describe tooth (A). A: C: E: F: Describe tooth type A: Your Answer: A: Left Central Incisor C: Left Canine E: Right Molar F: Maxilla (Hard Palate ) A: Left Central Incisor; It is Chisel-shaped for biting food. A: Left Central Incisor C: Left Canine (cuspid) E: Right Molar F: Maxilla (Hard Palate) Describe tooth type A:Chisel-shaped for biting food Match the structure with the best description: Pancreas: Storage site for bile Attached to the soft palate Secretes juices which digest all types of foods Stores glycogen and produces urea Forms food into a bolus Match the structure with the best description: Small Intestine: First section is called the jejunum Contains the LES Attaches to the greater omentum Pancreas secretions enter here via Hepatopancreatic ampulla Secretes Vitamin K Match the structure with the best description: Muscularis externa (layer of tissue): Made of two layers of muscle Innermost layer Secretes mucous Contains blood and lymph vessels Begins in the mouth Match the structure with the best description: Dentin: Upper portion of gums Outermost layer Bone-like substance Hard connective tissue Contains longitudinal muscle Match the structure with the best description: Common Bile Duct Contains secretions from the pancreas Joins with the pancreatic duct Enters the jejunum Contains secretions from the salivary glands Contains lymph vessels and nerves Quiz Score: 100 out of 100