BIOLOGY REVIEWER
Cell: Theory, Functions, and Types (Notes)
Advanced Cell And Molecular Biology | BIO281
of cells
CELL THEORY
1839 Theodor Stated that all
Schwann animals are made
Cells up of cells
● are the basic building blocks of all
living things. 1858 Rudolf Stated that all cells
Virchow come from
● provides structure for the body,
pre-existing cells
takes in nutrients from food,
converts those nutrients into energy,
and carries out specialized
functions. CELL STRUCTURE + FUNCTIONS
● contains the body’s hereditary
material and can make copies of
ANATOMY OF AN ANIMAL CELL
themselves.
● have many parts, each with a
different function.
Organelles
● are specialized structures that
perform certain tasks within the cell.
POSTULATES OF THE CELL THEORY
1. All living things are made of at least
one cell. ANATOMY OF A PLANT CELL
2. The cell is the basic unit of life.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
THE DISCOVERY OF THE CELL
DATE SCIENTIST DISCOVERY
1665 Robert Hooke Observed the
remains of dead
plant cells (cork).
1676 Anton van Tiny living
ANATOMY OF A BACTERIA CELL
Leeuwenhoek organisms were
observed
1838 Matthias Stated that a;;
Schleiden plants are made up
, BIOLOGY REVIEWER
Cell: Theory, Functions, and Types (Notes)
Advanced Cell And Molecular Biology | BIO281
Centrosome Unspecified role in cell
division in animal cells;
organizing center of
microtubules in animal cells
Lysosomes Digestion of
macromolecules; recycling
or worn out organelles
Cell wall Protection, structural
support and maintenance
of cell shape
CELL FUNCTIONS
Chloroplast Photosynthesis
STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS Endoplasmic Modifies proteins and
reticulum synthesizes lipids
Cell Membrane Separates cell from
external environment; Golgi Modifies, sorts, tags,
controls passage of organic apparatus packages and distributes
molecules, ions, water, lipids and proteins
oxygen and wastes into
and out of the cell Cytoskeleton Maintains cell's shape,
secure organelles on
Cytoplasm Provides structure to cell; specific positions, allows
site of many metabolic cytoplasm and vesicles to
reactions; medium in which move within the cell, and
organelles are found enables unicellular
organisms to move
Nucleolus Location of DNA independently
Nucleus Cell organelle that houses Flagella Cellular locomotion
DNA and directs synthesis
of ribosomes and proteins Cilia Cellular locomotion,
movement of particles
Ribosomes Protein synthesis along extracellular surface
of plasma membrane, and
Mitochondria ATP production or cellular filtration
respiration
Peroxisomes Oxidizes and breaks down
fatty acids and amino acids
and detoxifies poisons
PROKARYOTIC CELL
Vesicles and Storage and transport; ● Prokaryotes are single-celled
Vacuoles digestive function in plant
organisms that lack a
cells
membrane-bound nucleus,
Cell: Theory, Functions, and Types (Notes)
Advanced Cell And Molecular Biology | BIO281
of cells
CELL THEORY
1839 Theodor Stated that all
Schwann animals are made
Cells up of cells
● are the basic building blocks of all
living things. 1858 Rudolf Stated that all cells
Virchow come from
● provides structure for the body,
pre-existing cells
takes in nutrients from food,
converts those nutrients into energy,
and carries out specialized
functions. CELL STRUCTURE + FUNCTIONS
● contains the body’s hereditary
material and can make copies of
ANATOMY OF AN ANIMAL CELL
themselves.
● have many parts, each with a
different function.
Organelles
● are specialized structures that
perform certain tasks within the cell.
POSTULATES OF THE CELL THEORY
1. All living things are made of at least
one cell. ANATOMY OF A PLANT CELL
2. The cell is the basic unit of life.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
THE DISCOVERY OF THE CELL
DATE SCIENTIST DISCOVERY
1665 Robert Hooke Observed the
remains of dead
plant cells (cork).
1676 Anton van Tiny living
ANATOMY OF A BACTERIA CELL
Leeuwenhoek organisms were
observed
1838 Matthias Stated that a;;
Schleiden plants are made up
, BIOLOGY REVIEWER
Cell: Theory, Functions, and Types (Notes)
Advanced Cell And Molecular Biology | BIO281
Centrosome Unspecified role in cell
division in animal cells;
organizing center of
microtubules in animal cells
Lysosomes Digestion of
macromolecules; recycling
or worn out organelles
Cell wall Protection, structural
support and maintenance
of cell shape
CELL FUNCTIONS
Chloroplast Photosynthesis
STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS Endoplasmic Modifies proteins and
reticulum synthesizes lipids
Cell Membrane Separates cell from
external environment; Golgi Modifies, sorts, tags,
controls passage of organic apparatus packages and distributes
molecules, ions, water, lipids and proteins
oxygen and wastes into
and out of the cell Cytoskeleton Maintains cell's shape,
secure organelles on
Cytoplasm Provides structure to cell; specific positions, allows
site of many metabolic cytoplasm and vesicles to
reactions; medium in which move within the cell, and
organelles are found enables unicellular
organisms to move
Nucleolus Location of DNA independently
Nucleus Cell organelle that houses Flagella Cellular locomotion
DNA and directs synthesis
of ribosomes and proteins Cilia Cellular locomotion,
movement of particles
Ribosomes Protein synthesis along extracellular surface
of plasma membrane, and
Mitochondria ATP production or cellular filtration
respiration
Peroxisomes Oxidizes and breaks down
fatty acids and amino acids
and detoxifies poisons
PROKARYOTIC CELL
Vesicles and Storage and transport; ● Prokaryotes are single-celled
Vacuoles digestive function in plant
organisms that lack a
cells
membrane-bound nucleus,
