Chapter 2. Chemistry Comes Alive (Check Your Understanding)
2.1 Matt er is the stuff of the universe and 2.3 Atoms bound together form molecules;
energy moves matt er diff erent molecules can make mixtures
1. What form of energy is found in the food 7. What is the meaning of the term
we eat? “molecule”?
2. What form of energy is used to transmit 8. Why is carbon dioxide (CO2) considered a
messages from one part of the body to compound, but nitrogen gas (N2) is not?
another?
9. Blood contains a liquid component and
3. What type of energy is available when we living cells. Would it be classified as a
are still? When we are exercising? compound or a mixture? Why?
2.2 The properti es of an element depend on the 2.4 Three types of chemical bonds are ionic,
structure of its atoms covalent, and hydrogen
4. What two elements besides H and N make 10. What kinds of bonds form between water
up the bulk of living matter? molecules?
5. DRAW Draw a planetary model of an atom 11. How many electrons does magnesium
with a mass number of 7 and an atomic (12Mg) contain in its valence shell? If
number of 3. magnesium forms an ionic bond with
another atom, will it lose or gain these
6. WHAT IF Look at the function of iron in the electrons?
table below. What would be the effect of an
iron deficiency on blood? 12. APPLY Hydrogen chloride (HCl) has a polar
covalent bond. Consult the periodic table
and explain what the charge distribution is
between its two atoms.
2.5 Chemical reacti ons occur when electrons are
shared, gained, or lost
13. Which reaction type – synthesis,
decomposition or exchange – occurs when
fats are digested in your small intestine?
14. Why are many reactions that occur in living
systems irreversible for all intents and
purposes?
15. What specific name is given to
decomposition reactions in which food fuels
are broken down for energy?
1
, 24. What does the name “amino acid” tell you
2.6 Inorganic compounds include water, salts, about the structure of this molecule?
and many acids and bases 25. What is the primary structure of proteins?
16. Salts are electrolytes. What does that
mean? 26. What are the two types of secondary
structure in proteins?
17. Which ion is responsible for increased
acidity? 27. DRAW The figures below shows the effect
of an enzyme on the activation energy of an
18. PREDICT Would you expect a small or large exergonic reaction. Draw two similar graphs
change in pH if you added a strong acid to a showing the effect of an enzyme on an
strong base? A strong acid to a weak base?
Why?
19. MAKE CONNECTIONS We have learned
about the complementarity of structure and
function as it relates to anatomy and
physiology (Chapter 1). See if you can
extend your thinking about this principle to
a simple molecule, and explain how the
structure of a water molecule makes water
an excellent solvent.
2.7 Organic compounds are made by
dehydrati on synthesis and broken down by
hydrolysis
20. What is the result of hydrolysis reactions
and how are these reactions accomplished?
2.8 Carbohydrates provide an easily used energy
source for the body
21. What are the monomers of carbohydrates
called? Which monomer is blood sugar?
22. What is the animal form of stored
carbohydrate called?
2.9 Lipids insulate body organs, build cell endergonic reaction.
membranes, and provide stored energy
2.11 DNA and RNA store, transmit, and help
23. How do triglycerides differ from express geneti c informati on
phospholipids in body function and
location? 28. How do DNA and RNA differ in the bases
and sugars they contain?
2.10 Proteins are the body’s basic structural
material and have many vital functi ons
2
2.1 Matt er is the stuff of the universe and 2.3 Atoms bound together form molecules;
energy moves matt er diff erent molecules can make mixtures
1. What form of energy is found in the food 7. What is the meaning of the term
we eat? “molecule”?
2. What form of energy is used to transmit 8. Why is carbon dioxide (CO2) considered a
messages from one part of the body to compound, but nitrogen gas (N2) is not?
another?
9. Blood contains a liquid component and
3. What type of energy is available when we living cells. Would it be classified as a
are still? When we are exercising? compound or a mixture? Why?
2.2 The properti es of an element depend on the 2.4 Three types of chemical bonds are ionic,
structure of its atoms covalent, and hydrogen
4. What two elements besides H and N make 10. What kinds of bonds form between water
up the bulk of living matter? molecules?
5. DRAW Draw a planetary model of an atom 11. How many electrons does magnesium
with a mass number of 7 and an atomic (12Mg) contain in its valence shell? If
number of 3. magnesium forms an ionic bond with
another atom, will it lose or gain these
6. WHAT IF Look at the function of iron in the electrons?
table below. What would be the effect of an
iron deficiency on blood? 12. APPLY Hydrogen chloride (HCl) has a polar
covalent bond. Consult the periodic table
and explain what the charge distribution is
between its two atoms.
2.5 Chemical reacti ons occur when electrons are
shared, gained, or lost
13. Which reaction type – synthesis,
decomposition or exchange – occurs when
fats are digested in your small intestine?
14. Why are many reactions that occur in living
systems irreversible for all intents and
purposes?
15. What specific name is given to
decomposition reactions in which food fuels
are broken down for energy?
1
, 24. What does the name “amino acid” tell you
2.6 Inorganic compounds include water, salts, about the structure of this molecule?
and many acids and bases 25. What is the primary structure of proteins?
16. Salts are electrolytes. What does that
mean? 26. What are the two types of secondary
structure in proteins?
17. Which ion is responsible for increased
acidity? 27. DRAW The figures below shows the effect
of an enzyme on the activation energy of an
18. PREDICT Would you expect a small or large exergonic reaction. Draw two similar graphs
change in pH if you added a strong acid to a showing the effect of an enzyme on an
strong base? A strong acid to a weak base?
Why?
19. MAKE CONNECTIONS We have learned
about the complementarity of structure and
function as it relates to anatomy and
physiology (Chapter 1). See if you can
extend your thinking about this principle to
a simple molecule, and explain how the
structure of a water molecule makes water
an excellent solvent.
2.7 Organic compounds are made by
dehydrati on synthesis and broken down by
hydrolysis
20. What is the result of hydrolysis reactions
and how are these reactions accomplished?
2.8 Carbohydrates provide an easily used energy
source for the body
21. What are the monomers of carbohydrates
called? Which monomer is blood sugar?
22. What is the animal form of stored
carbohydrate called?
2.9 Lipids insulate body organs, build cell endergonic reaction.
membranes, and provide stored energy
2.11 DNA and RNA store, transmit, and help
23. How do triglycerides differ from express geneti c informati on
phospholipids in body function and
location? 28. How do DNA and RNA differ in the bases
and sugars they contain?
2.10 Proteins are the body’s basic structural
material and have many vital functi ons
2
