Portage Learning NURS 231 Pathophysiology
2022 Module 9 Exam
Question 1
Define endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine.
Your Answer:
Endocrine - hormones that are release into circulation to act on a target organ.
Paracrine - hormones act on cells close to where they are released.
Autocrine - hormones produce an action biologically on the cell that released them.
Answer:
Endocrine: Hormones are released to circulation to act on a target organ (i.e. TSH,
ADH)
Paracrine: Hormones act locally on cells close to where they are released (i.e. estrogen
and testosterone)
Autocrine: Hormones produce a biologic action on the cell that released them (i.e.
insulin)
Question 2
What are the different structural types of hormones?
Your Answer:
Amines and amino acids; peptides and proteins; steroids.
Answer: (1) amines and amino acids; (2) peptides and proteins; and (3) steroids, which
are made from cholesterol
, Question 3
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Your Answer:
The hypothalamus works with the pituitary gland to control the functions of other
endocrine glands. Homeostasis, body temperature, hunger, behavior, emotion, and pain
are regulated by the hypothalamus. It also produces releasing hormones which will
stimulate the pituitary gland to release stimulating hormones.
Answer: The hypothalamus serves to link the nervous system to the endocrine system.
It regulates homeostasis, body temperature, hunger, behavior, emotion, and pain. The
hypothalamus produces releasing hormones, which stimulate the pituitary to release
stimulating hormones.
Question 4
What is the role of the pituitary gland?
Your Answer:
The pituitary gland stimulates target organs to secrete their hormones. It is known as
the master gland.
Answer: The pituitary gland is known as the “master gland,” since it stimulates target
organs to secrete their hormones.
2022 Module 9 Exam
Question 1
Define endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine.
Your Answer:
Endocrine - hormones that are release into circulation to act on a target organ.
Paracrine - hormones act on cells close to where they are released.
Autocrine - hormones produce an action biologically on the cell that released them.
Answer:
Endocrine: Hormones are released to circulation to act on a target organ (i.e. TSH,
ADH)
Paracrine: Hormones act locally on cells close to where they are released (i.e. estrogen
and testosterone)
Autocrine: Hormones produce a biologic action on the cell that released them (i.e.
insulin)
Question 2
What are the different structural types of hormones?
Your Answer:
Amines and amino acids; peptides and proteins; steroids.
Answer: (1) amines and amino acids; (2) peptides and proteins; and (3) steroids, which
are made from cholesterol
, Question 3
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Your Answer:
The hypothalamus works with the pituitary gland to control the functions of other
endocrine glands. Homeostasis, body temperature, hunger, behavior, emotion, and pain
are regulated by the hypothalamus. It also produces releasing hormones which will
stimulate the pituitary gland to release stimulating hormones.
Answer: The hypothalamus serves to link the nervous system to the endocrine system.
It regulates homeostasis, body temperature, hunger, behavior, emotion, and pain. The
hypothalamus produces releasing hormones, which stimulate the pituitary to release
stimulating hormones.
Question 4
What is the role of the pituitary gland?
Your Answer:
The pituitary gland stimulates target organs to secrete their hormones. It is known as
the master gland.
Answer: The pituitary gland is known as the “master gland,” since it stimulates target
organs to secrete their hormones.
