NURS 565 -Chamberlain College of Nursing FINAL Exam Study
Guide Week 7&8 guaranteed success
➢ Antacids: weak bases that react with hydrochloric acid to form salt & water.
-Neutralize Gastric Acidity (causes ^pH of the stomach and duodenal bulb)
-Inhibit proteolytic activity of pepsin
-Increase lower esophageal sphincter tone
-ALL antacids are contraindicated in the presence of severe abdominal pain of unknown cause,
especially if accompanied by fever
-HIGH SODIUM content: pts w/ HTN. CHF need to use low sodium preparation
-Concurrent administration with enteric-coated drugs, destroys the coating= alters absorption,
^ the risk for adverse effects
-Administrations should be separated by at least 2 hours to decrease interactions
1. Calcium based antacids: TUMS, Caltrate, Calcarb
• Require Vitamin D for absorption from the GI tract
• Prescribed to treat calcium deficient states, i.e. chronic renal failure, post-
menopause, and osteoporosis
• Contraindicated in the presence of hypercalcemia and renal calculi
• Can cause constipation- increase bulk, fluids and mobility, stool softener
• Administered 30min- 1hr on empty stomach or 3hr after meals
• Should not be administered with food containing large amounts of oxalic acid
(spinach, rhubarb), or phytic acid (bran, cereals), they decrease the absorption of
calcium
• Taking w/ foods containing phosphorus (milk, dairy) can lead to milk-alkali
syndrome (N/V, confusion, headache).
• Taking with acidic fruit juice improve absorption
2. Aluminum based: AlternaGEL, Amphojel, Mylanta
• Inhibit smooth muscle contraction and slow gastric emptying
• Aluminum concentrated in the CNS
Aluminum is not easily
removed by dialysis b/c • Prolonged use in patients with renal failure may result in dialysis osteomalacia
it is bound to albumin
& transferrin = do not • Elevated aluminum tissues levels contribute to the development of
cross dialysis
membrane dialysis encephalopathy
• Used to treat hyperphosphatemia in pts w/ renal failure & phosphate renal
NURS 565 -Chamberlain College of Nursing FINAL Exam Study
Guide Week 7&8 guaranteed success
, NURS 565 -Chamberlain College of Nursing FINAL Exam Study
Guide Week 7&8 guaranteed success
stone prevention
• Can cause constipation- increase bulk, fluids and mobility, stool softener
3. Magnesium based: Milk of mag, Maalox, Mylanta
• Can be used to treat magnesium deficiencies from malnutrition, alcoholism, or
The malfunctioning kidney can’t excrete magnesi
muma=gh-ypderempaglneetisenmgia drugs
• Contraindicated in patients with renal failure & used with caution in pts with
renal insufficiency
• Can cause diarrhea- increase fiber intake
NURS 565 -Chamberlain College of Nursing FINAL Exam Study
Guide Week 7&8 guaranteed success
, NURS 565 -Chamberlain College of Nursing FINAL Exam Study
Guide Week 7&8 guaranteed success
➢ Antidiarrheals:
• Diarrhea that lasts for less than 2 weeks is considered acute; if it lasts more than 2 weeks, it
is considered chronic.
• Not recommended for children under 12, none of the antidiarrheals are safe for children under
2 years old
• Rebound constipation is the main adverse effect
• Contraindications: Drugs that decrease gastric motility or delay intestinal transit time
have induced toxic megacolon, especially in those with inflammatory bowel disease
-Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto bismol): Acute diarrhea, travelers’ diarrhea
▪ For bismuth subsalicylate, additional reactions that all patients should be warned
The salicylate component of bismuth subsalicylate contraindicates its use in children or teenagers during or after recovery from chickenpox or flu-like illness. It is also contraindicated for patients with aspirin hy
about are gray/black stools and black tongue, the results of the bismuth.
Patients should be told to expect this reaction and that it does not indicate GI
bleeding.
▪ Bismuth subsalicylate may potentiate the risk for toxicity if taken w/ aspirin
▪ Is contraindicated in children with flu-like symptoms
▪ Has antimicrobial effects against bacterial and viral enteropathogens
NURS 565 -Chamberlain College of Nursing FINAL Exam Study
Guide Week 7&8 guaranteed success
, NURS 565 -Chamberlain College of Nursing FINAL Exam Study
Guide Week 7&8 guaranteed success
-Crofelemer (fulyzaq): Symptomatic relief of noninfectious diarrhea in adult pts w/
HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy
-diphenoxylate w/atropine (Lomotil): Acute diarrhea
▪ Anticholinergics are useful only with inflammatory bowel disease
▪ The atropine component of diphenoxylate and difenoxin contraindicates their use
NURS 565 -Chamberlain College of Nursing FINAL Exam Study
Guide Week 7&8 guaranteed success
Guide Week 7&8 guaranteed success
➢ Antacids: weak bases that react with hydrochloric acid to form salt & water.
-Neutralize Gastric Acidity (causes ^pH of the stomach and duodenal bulb)
-Inhibit proteolytic activity of pepsin
-Increase lower esophageal sphincter tone
-ALL antacids are contraindicated in the presence of severe abdominal pain of unknown cause,
especially if accompanied by fever
-HIGH SODIUM content: pts w/ HTN. CHF need to use low sodium preparation
-Concurrent administration with enteric-coated drugs, destroys the coating= alters absorption,
^ the risk for adverse effects
-Administrations should be separated by at least 2 hours to decrease interactions
1. Calcium based antacids: TUMS, Caltrate, Calcarb
• Require Vitamin D for absorption from the GI tract
• Prescribed to treat calcium deficient states, i.e. chronic renal failure, post-
menopause, and osteoporosis
• Contraindicated in the presence of hypercalcemia and renal calculi
• Can cause constipation- increase bulk, fluids and mobility, stool softener
• Administered 30min- 1hr on empty stomach or 3hr after meals
• Should not be administered with food containing large amounts of oxalic acid
(spinach, rhubarb), or phytic acid (bran, cereals), they decrease the absorption of
calcium
• Taking w/ foods containing phosphorus (milk, dairy) can lead to milk-alkali
syndrome (N/V, confusion, headache).
• Taking with acidic fruit juice improve absorption
2. Aluminum based: AlternaGEL, Amphojel, Mylanta
• Inhibit smooth muscle contraction and slow gastric emptying
• Aluminum concentrated in the CNS
Aluminum is not easily
removed by dialysis b/c • Prolonged use in patients with renal failure may result in dialysis osteomalacia
it is bound to albumin
& transferrin = do not • Elevated aluminum tissues levels contribute to the development of
cross dialysis
membrane dialysis encephalopathy
• Used to treat hyperphosphatemia in pts w/ renal failure & phosphate renal
NURS 565 -Chamberlain College of Nursing FINAL Exam Study
Guide Week 7&8 guaranteed success
, NURS 565 -Chamberlain College of Nursing FINAL Exam Study
Guide Week 7&8 guaranteed success
stone prevention
• Can cause constipation- increase bulk, fluids and mobility, stool softener
3. Magnesium based: Milk of mag, Maalox, Mylanta
• Can be used to treat magnesium deficiencies from malnutrition, alcoholism, or
The malfunctioning kidney can’t excrete magnesi
muma=gh-ypderempaglneetisenmgia drugs
• Contraindicated in patients with renal failure & used with caution in pts with
renal insufficiency
• Can cause diarrhea- increase fiber intake
NURS 565 -Chamberlain College of Nursing FINAL Exam Study
Guide Week 7&8 guaranteed success
, NURS 565 -Chamberlain College of Nursing FINAL Exam Study
Guide Week 7&8 guaranteed success
➢ Antidiarrheals:
• Diarrhea that lasts for less than 2 weeks is considered acute; if it lasts more than 2 weeks, it
is considered chronic.
• Not recommended for children under 12, none of the antidiarrheals are safe for children under
2 years old
• Rebound constipation is the main adverse effect
• Contraindications: Drugs that decrease gastric motility or delay intestinal transit time
have induced toxic megacolon, especially in those with inflammatory bowel disease
-Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto bismol): Acute diarrhea, travelers’ diarrhea
▪ For bismuth subsalicylate, additional reactions that all patients should be warned
The salicylate component of bismuth subsalicylate contraindicates its use in children or teenagers during or after recovery from chickenpox or flu-like illness. It is also contraindicated for patients with aspirin hy
about are gray/black stools and black tongue, the results of the bismuth.
Patients should be told to expect this reaction and that it does not indicate GI
bleeding.
▪ Bismuth subsalicylate may potentiate the risk for toxicity if taken w/ aspirin
▪ Is contraindicated in children with flu-like symptoms
▪ Has antimicrobial effects against bacterial and viral enteropathogens
NURS 565 -Chamberlain College of Nursing FINAL Exam Study
Guide Week 7&8 guaranteed success
, NURS 565 -Chamberlain College of Nursing FINAL Exam Study
Guide Week 7&8 guaranteed success
-Crofelemer (fulyzaq): Symptomatic relief of noninfectious diarrhea in adult pts w/
HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy
-diphenoxylate w/atropine (Lomotil): Acute diarrhea
▪ Anticholinergics are useful only with inflammatory bowel disease
▪ The atropine component of diphenoxylate and difenoxin contraindicates their use
NURS 565 -Chamberlain College of Nursing FINAL Exam Study
Guide Week 7&8 guaranteed success
