Nur612- Disorders of the Bladder and Lower Urinary Tract .

After completing this chapter, you should be able to meet the following objectives: 1. Trace the ascending sensory and descending motor impulses between the detrusor muscle and external urinary sphincter and the spinal cord, pontine micturition center, and cerebral cortex. 2. Describe at least three urodynamic studies that can be used to assess bladder function. 3. Describe the causes of, and compensatory changes that occur with, urinary tract obstruction. 4. Differentiate lesions that produce storage dysfunction associated with spastic bladder from those that produce emptying dysfunction associated with flaccid bladder in terms of the level of the lesions and their effects on bladder function. 5. Define incontinence and differentiate between stress incontinence, overactive bladder/urge incontinence, and overflow incontinence. 6. Discuss the difference between superficial and invasive bladder cancer in terms of bladder involvement, extension of the disease, and prognosis. 7. State the risk factors and the most common sign associated with bladder cancer.