NURS 2500 Global Health Potter et al: Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing, 6th Edition,100% CORRECT

NURS 2500 Global Health Potter et al: Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing, 6th Edition Chapter 09: MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse recognizes the terminology that applies to culture and ethnicity. Ethnicity is defined as what? a. An appreciation for differences within another group and the promotion of respect for those differences. b. A common identity with members sharing social and cultural heritage. c. Many cultures coexisting and maintaining cultural differences. d. The belief that one’s own race or culture is more valuable than those of others. ANS: B Ethnicity refers to a shared identity related to social and cultural heritage, including values, language, geographic space, and racial characteristics. The most important characteristic of an ethnic group is that its members feel a sense of common identity. Cultural pluralism is a perspective that appreciates another group for being different and “promotes respect for the right of others to have different beliefs, values, behaviours, and ways of life” (Racher & Annis, 2012, p. 159). Multiculturalism is regarded as a fundamental characteristic of Canadian society; many cultures coexist in Canadian society and maintain their cultural differences. Ethnocentrism is a tendency to hold one’s own race or culture as more valuable than those of others. DIF: Understand REF: 122| 123 OBJ: Define key concepts related to health, illness, and diversity. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLUEXS: PsNychoTsocial InOtegrity 2. Prevention programs for populations is the main focus of which of the following? a. Global health. b. Public health. c. International health. d. Transcultural health. ANS: B The main focus of public health is prevention programs for populations. Global health and international health are concerned with both prevention in populations and clinical care of individuals. Transcultural health is not a domain of medical health. DIF: Understand REF: 116 (Table 9-1) OBJ: Differentiate between global health, international health, and public health in the context of professional nursing. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity 3. In understanding health inequity, what does the nurse know? a. Health differences are unavoidable. b. Poverty is not a root cause of health inequity. c. Health inequity is the absence of systematic disparities in health. d. Health inequity refers to unnecessary and unfair differences in health. ANS: D Health inequities refer to differences in health that are not only unnecessary and avoidable but, in addition, are considered unfair and unjust. Health differences are seen as avoidable. Poverty is often a root cause of health inequity. The absence of systematic disparities in health is characteristic of health equity. DIF: Remember REF: 117 OBJ: Define key concepts related to health, illness, and diversity. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity 4. When asked to describe the differences between ethnicity and race, what should the student nurse explain? a. Ethnicity refers to a shared identity, whereas race is limited to biological attributes. b. Ethnicity and race are actually the same and are based in cultural norms. c. Ethnicity can be understood only through an etic world view. d. Race refers to a shared identity, whereas ethnicity is limited to biological attributes. ANS: A Ethnicity refers to a shared identity related to social and cultural heritage such as values, language, geographical space, and racial characteristics. Ethnicity is different from race, which is limited to the common biological attributes shared by a group such as skin colour or blood type. In any intercultural encounter, there is an insider or native perspective (emic world view) and an outsider’s perspective (etic world view). Ethnicity is best understood by those who are a part of that ethnicity and have an emic world view. DIF: Understand REF: 122| 123 OBJ: Define key concepts related to health, illness, and diversity. TOP: Assessment MSC: NNCLUERXS: PIsNycGhoTsoBCInOteMgrity 5. The nurse learns about cultural issues involved in the patient’s health care belief system and enables patients and families to achieve meaningful and supportive care. Such care is known as what? a. Ethnocentrism. b. Culturally competent care. c. Cultural imposition. d. Culturally congruent care. ANS: B Culturally competent care reflects the ability of a nurse to bridge cultural gaps in caring and enables patients and families to achieve meaningful and supportive caring. It is a step toward reaching culturally congruent care. Culturally congruent care, or care that fits the person’s valued life patterns and set of meanings, is the goal of transcultural nursing. Ethnocentrism is a tendency to hold one’s own way of life as superior to those of others. It is the cause of biases and prejudices. Cultural imposition is the use of one’s own values and lifestyles as the absolute guide in dealing with patients and interpreting behaviours. DIF: Remember REF: 123 OBJ: Describe the historical development of the concept of culture, cultural competence, cultural safety, and cultural humility in relation to nursing practice. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity 6. The nurse is caring for an Indigenous patient who has had recent surgery. In the patient’s culture, it is a sign of weakness to complain of pain. In the nurse’s culture, people who are having pain ask for pain medicine. The nurse has assumed that the patient has not been having pain and does not need medication because he has not complained of pain. What is the nurse doing? a. Utilizing cultural imposition by not asking the patient about his pain. b. Striving to provide culturally congruent care by allowing the patient to suffer. c. Operating from an emic world view of the patient’s cultural beliefs. d. Practising discrimination by not giving the patient pain medicine. ANS: A Health care practitioners who have cultural ignorance or cultural blindness about differences generally resort to cultural imposition and use their own values and lifestyles as the absolute guide in dealing with patients and interpreting their behaviours. Culturally competent care is the care provided by the nurse who attempts to bridge cultural gaps in caring, work with cultural differences, and enable patients and families to achieve meaningful and supportive caring. The nurse in this case has not been able to do this. Any intercultural encounter consists of an inside or native perspective (emic world view) and an outsider’s perspective (etic world view). The nurse is obviously utilizing an etic world view. The nurse did not purposefully ignore the patient’s need. DIF: Apply REF: 123 OBJ: Analyze components of cultural assessment critical to understand the values, beliefs, and practices critical in the nursing care of people experiencing cultural transitions. TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity 7. When a cultural assessment is performed, knowledge of a patient’s country of origin and its history and ecological contextsUis kSnowNn aTs what?O a. Ethnohistory. b. Biocultural history. c. Social organization. d. Religious and spiritual beliefs. ANS: A A patient’s country of origin and its history and ecological contexts is known as ethnic heritage and ethnohistory, and knowledge about it is significant in health care. Biocultural history can help identify a patient’s health risks in relation to the ecological context of the culture. Social organization refers to units of organization in a cultural group defined by kinship status and appropriate roles for their members. Religious and spiritual beliefs are major influences in the patient’s world view about health and illness, pain and suffering, and life and death. Nurses need to understand the emic perspective of their patients. DIF: Remember REF: 126| 127 OBJ: Analyze components of cultural assessment critical to understand the values, beliefs, and practices critical in the nursing care of people experiencing cultural transitions. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity 8. A nursing student is caring for a patient who has just immigrated to Canada from Ghana. The student just had a class on cultural safety and wants to practise doing a cultural assessment. What should the nursing student know? a. Patients who come from the same region or country share similar values, beliefs, attitudes, and experiences. b. Cultural assessment is a systematic and comprehensive examination of the cultural care values, beliefs, and practices of individuals, families, and communities. c. The patient should be discouraged from sharing personal stories because it will take up too much time. d. The student should ask only open-ended questions. ANS: B Cultural assessment is a systematic and comprehensive examination of the cultural care values, beliefs, and practices of individuals, families, and communities. Not all patients who come from the same region or country share similar values, beliefs, attitudes, and experiences. The patient should be encouraged to share personal stories to reveal how he or she thinks and the cultural lifestyle that he or she embraces. The student should use open-ended questions, focused questions, and contrast questions. DIF: Apply REF: 126 OBJ: Analyze components of cultural assessment critical to understand the values, beliefs, and practices critical in the nursing care of people experiencing cultural transitions. TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity 9. The nurse is caring for a patient who has emigrated from another country. The patient needs abdominal surgery but seems reluctant to sign the surgical permits. What is one tactic that the nurse should use? a. Determine the family social hierarchy. b. Encourage the patient to sign the permits. c. Call the physician so that surgery can be cancelled. d. Impress on the patient thaNt heRr lifIe isGin jBeo.pCardyM. ANS: A U S N T O Nurses should determine the family social hierarchy as soon as possible to prevent offending patients and their families. Working with established family hierarchy prevents delays and achieves better patient outcomes. Encouraging the patient to sign against her social beliefs can cause familial strife. Explaining the level of jeopardy may create undue stress. Nurses should be able to determine the correct hierarchy and should not involve the physician at this time. DIF: Apply REF: 126 OBJ: Analyze components of cultural assessment critical to understand the values, beliefs, and practices critical in the nursing care of people experiencing cultural transitions. TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity 10. Which of the following is an outcome of nursing education that enables safe service to be defined by those who receive the service? a. Cultural awareness. b. Cultural safety. c. Cultural sensitivity. d. Self-awareness. ANS: B Cultural safety is an outcome of nursing education that enables safe service to be defined by those who receive the service. Cultural safety involves considering the redistribution of power and resources in a relationship. Cultural awareness is a beginning step toward understanding that there are differences between cultures. Cultural sensitivity alerts nurses to the legitimacy of difference and begins a process of self-exploration. Self-awareness is the result of reflection. DIF: Understand REF: 124 OBJ: Define key concepts related to health, illness, and diversity. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity 11. A nursing student is performing a cultural assessment of their patient. When the student asks, “Who makes the decisions for you or your family?” what is the nurse assessing? a. Language and communication. b. Caring beliefs and practices. c. Socioeconomic status. d. Social organization. ANS: D The question “Who makes the decisions for you or your family?” would be used to assess social organization during the cultural assessment. The question does not address caring beliefs and practices, socioeconomic status, or language and communication. DIF: Apply REF: 127 OBJ: Analyze components of cultural assessment critical to understand the values, beliefs, and practices critical in the nursing care of people experiencing cultural transitions. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity N R I G B.C M 12. Members of a Chinese family that has been in Canada for 5 years have learned to speak English and have adopted certain Western customs but have continued to adhere to their values, beliefs, and traditions. What is this process referred to as? a. Assimilation. b. Enculturation. c. Acculturation. d. Multiculturalism. ANS: C Acculturation is the process of adapting to or adopting the characteristics of a new culture. Assimilation is a process whereby a minority group gradually acquires the attitudes and customs of the mainstream culture. Socialization into one’s primary culture in childhood is known as enculturation. Multiculturalism—the coexistence of many cultures and the maintenance of cultural differences—is prevalent in Canadian society. DIF: Understand REF: 123 OBJ: Analyze components of cultural assessment critical to understand the values, beliefs, and practices critical in the nursing care of people experiencing cultural transitions. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity 13. When caring for a patient of a different culture, it is important for the nurse to understand which of the following? a. The nurse should protect the patient from family intrusion in her health care decisions. b. Working within the established family hierarchy produces better outcomes. c. Women as primary caregivers make independent health decisions. d. Gender is not a factor with regard to role expectations. ANS: B Working with established family hierarchy prevents delays and achieves better patient outcomes. Nurses need to determine who has authority for making decisions within the family and how to communicate with the proper individuals. The nurse must not assume that just because a woman is the primary caregiver, she will make decisions independently. The nurse should determine the family social hierarchy as soon as possible. Gender may also differentiate role expectations. DIF: Apply REF: 126 OBJ: Analyze components of cultural assessment critical to understand the values, beliefs, and practices critical in the nursing care of people experiencing cultural transitions. TOP: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity 14. Time takes on different meanings from one culture to another. Understanding this, when planning nursing interventions, the nurse should a. Avoid using set times for procedures. b. Mutually negotiate time schedules with patients. c. Encourage patients to set their own times for care, regardless of the schedule. d. Maintain the set times for treatments and inform patients of the schedule. ANS: B Differences exist in the dimensions of time that cultures emphasize and how time is expressed. Patients’ access toNheRalthIservGiceBs m.aCy bMe improved through time schedules that are mutually negotiated, so as to allow for cultural patterns to be respected. For organizational purposes, the nurse should seek the patient’s input, and together the nurse and the patient may set a time to perform procedures. Although the patient’s input should be sought, it is not realistic to have patients set their own times for nursing care activities regardless of the schedule. Some procedures may be required more frequently than the patient would set, or the nurse may be unable to meet the needs of several patients on the unit at the same time. Maintaining set times for treatments and informing the patient of the schedule does not take into consideration the patient’s time orientation. DIF: Apply REF: 127| 128 OBJ: Analyze components of cultural assessment critical to understand the values, beliefs, and practices critical in the nursing care of people experiencing cultural transitions. TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity 15. What characterizes culturally congruent care? a. It fits the patient’s valued life patterns and set of meanings. b. It is based on meanings generated by predetermined criteria. c. It is the same as the values of the professional health care system. d. It is based on the assumption that a person’s own way of life is superior to those of other people. ANS: A The goal of transcultural nursing is culturally congruent care, or care that fits the person’s valued life patterns and set of meanings. Patterns and meanings are generated from people themselves, rather than from predetermined criteria. Culturally congruent care is sometimes different from the values and meanings of the professional health care system. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one’s own way of life as superior to those of others, and it is not part of culturally congruent care. DIF: Understand REF: 123 OBJ: Apply research findings to the provision of culturally competent care with considerations for cultural safety and relational practice. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity 16. The nurse may work with patients from many different cultural backgrounds. Nurses, unfortunately and inadvertently, may impose their own cultural beliefs on patients. Which of the following is an example of a nurse imposing personal perspectives on a patient? a. Adapting the patient’s room to accommodate extra family members who are visiting. b. Seeking information on gender-congruent care for an Egyptian patient. c. Directing an older Chinese patient to do rehabilitation exercises after she has refused to do them until her daughter arrives. d. Encouraging family members to assist with the patient’s care when it is appropriate for them to do so. ANS: C In collectivistic cultures that value group reliance and interdependence, such as traditional South Asian cultures, caring behaviours are manifested by actively providing physical and psychological support for kin members. The nurse may perceive the patient’s refusal to exercise as lack of motivation fUor sSelf-NcareT, and inOthis case the nurse is imposing her own belief system on the patient. Adaptation of the patient’s room to accommodate extra family members is not an example of cultural imposition on a patient but rather is meeting the patient’s need by providing culturally congruent care. Seeking information on gender-congruent care for an Egyptian patient is an example of the desire to provide culturally congruent care. Encouraging family members to assist with the patient’s care is not an example of cultural imposition on a patient. Western culture tends to follow a pattern of caring that focuses on self-care and self-determination, whereas in non-Western cultures, people typically have care provided by others. DIF: Apply REF: 123 OBJ: Apply research findings to the provision of culturally competent care with considerations for cultural safety and relational practice. TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Which of the following is considered a noncommunicable disease? (Select all that apply.) a. Diabetes. b. Cardiovascular diseases. c. Influenza. d. Chronic respiratory diseases. e. Cancer. ANS: A, B, D, E Noncommunicable diseases are not contagious, which means they are not passed from one individual to another. The four main types of noncommunicable diseases are cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, cancers, and diabetes. Influenza is contagious and can be transmitted from one person to another. DIF: Understand REF: 118 OBJ: Describe key challenges in the prevention and control of communicable disease, noncommunicable disease (NCDs), and neglected tropical disease (NTDs). TOP: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity 2. Which of the following are characteristics of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? (Select all that apply.) a. SDGs include 10 universal goals with targets planned for the next 12 years. b. The SDGs address the health and well-being of persons of all ages. c. SDGs represent an expectation that all countries must promote prosperity while providing protection to the planet. d. SDGs are legally binding. e. Governments globally are expected to establish national frameworks for achievement of SDGs. ANS: B, C, E The SDGs address the health and well-being of persons of all ages, including newborns, children, adolescents, and middle-aged and older persons. The unique feature of the SDGs is the importance for all countries to promote prosperity while protecting the planet. Governments globally are expected to assume ownership and establish national frameworks for achievement of the 17 goals. SDGs include 17 universal goals with targets planned for the next 15 years. The SDGs areNnUotRleSgIalNlyGbTinBC. OM DIF: Analyze REF: 117| 118 OBJ: Describe the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) TOP: Evaluate MSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity