ATI—Medical-Surgical: Cardiovascular and Hematology
A nurse is evaluating a clients repeat laboratory results 4 hr after administering fresh frozen
plasma (FFP). Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse review?
- Prothrombin time—the nurse should review the client’s prothrombin time after the
administration of FFP, which is plasma rich in clotting factors. FFP is administered to treat
acute clotting disorders. The desired effect is a decrease in the prothrombin time.
A nurse is caring for a client who had a myocardial infarction 5 days ago. The client has a sudden
onset of shortness of breath and begins coughing frothy, pink sputum. The nurse auscultates
loud, bubbly sounds on inspiration. Which of the following adventitious breath sounds should
the nurse document?
- Coarse crackles—a client who had a recent myocardial infarction is at risk for left-sided
heart failure. Crackles are breath sounds caused by movement of air through airways
partially or intermittently occluded with fluid and are associated with heart failure and
frothy sputum. Crackling sounds are heard at the end of inspiration and are not cleared
by coughing.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who reports using fish oil as a dietary supplement. Which
of the following substances in fish oil should the nurse recognize as a health benefit to this
client?
- Omega- 3 fatty acids—fish oil contain omega- 3 fatty acids, which can help lower the risk
of cardiovascular disease and stroke by decreasing triglyceride levels.
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new permanent pacemaker.
Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- Avoid lifting both arms above your head when dressing—the nurse should reinforce that
the client should avoid lifting her arm or should on the side of the pacemaker because
dislodgement of the pacer leads can occur.
A nurse is assisting in the plan of care for a client who is having a percutaneous transluminal
coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with stent placement. Which of the following actions should the
nurse anticipate in the postoperative plan of care?
- Initiate an aspirin regimen—the nurse should plan to initiate an aspirin regimen or
another antiplatelet agent. The antiplatelet medication maintains the patency of the
stent by reducing platelet aggregation.
A nurse preparing to transfuse 250 mL of packed red blood cells (RBCs) to a client over 4 hr.
Available is a blood administration set that delivers 10 gtt/mL. The nurse should set the manual
blood transfusion to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round to the nearest whole number).
- 10 gtt/min
- Equation: Volume (mL)/Time (min) X Drop Factor (gtt/min) = X gtt/min
- Step 1: 60 min X 4 hr = 240 min
- Step 2: 250 mL/240 min X 10 gtt/ min
This study source was downloaded by 100000857259159 from CourseHero.com on 11-18-2022 06:24:58 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/33575006/ATI-Cardiovascular-and-Hematology-docx/
, - Step 3: 1.041 X 10 gtt/min = 10.4 10 gtt/min
A nurse is assisting in collecting data from a client who has a history of unstable angina. Which
of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- The client reports chest pain when at rest—the client who has unstable angina will have
chest pain even while resting because of insufficient blood flow to the coronary arteries
and decreased oxygen supply. Chest pain at rest is a condition called variant
(Prinzmetal’s) angina, caused by an artery spasm.
A nurse in a clinic is collecting data from a client who has a history of peripheral arterial disease.
Which of the following findings on the client’s lower extremities should the nurse expect?
- Cool, pale skin with minimal body hair—a client who has peripheral arterial disease can
display dry, scaly, pale or mottled skin with minimal body hair because of narrowing of
the arteries in the legs and feet. This causes a decrease in blood flow to the distal
extremities, which can lead to tissue damage. Common manifestations are intermittent
claudication (leg pain with exercise), cold or numb feet at rest, loss of hair on the lower
legs and weakened pulses.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about lifestyle changes with a client who had a myocardial
infarction and has a new prescription for a beta blocker. Which of the following client
statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- Before taking my medication, I will check my blood pressure and radial pulse rate—a
beta blocker will induce bradycardia. The client should take her pulse rate for 1 min
before self-administration.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has pericarditis. Which of the following
manifestations should the nurse expect?
- Dyspnea—the client who has pericarditis will experience dyspnea, hiccups and a
nonproductive cough. These manifestations can indicate heart failure from pericardial
compression due to constructive pericarditis or cardiac tamponade.
A nurse is assisting in monitoring a client who had a myocardial infraction. For which of the
following complications should the nurse monitor in the first 24 hr?
- Ventricular dysrhythmias—after a myocardial infarction, the electrical conduction system
of the heart can be irritable and prone to dysrhythmias. Ischemic tissue caused by the
infarction can also interfere with the normal conduction patterns of the heart’s electrical
system.
A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who is in hypovolemic shock. While waiting for a unit
of blood, the nurse should plan to administer which of the following IV solutions?
- 0.9% sodium chloride—solutions of 0.9% sodium chloride, as well as Lactated Ringer’s
solution, are used for fluid volume replacement. Sodium chloride, a crystalloid, is a
physiologic solution that replaces lost volume in the blood stream and is the only
solution to use when infusing blood products.
This study source was downloaded by 100000857259159 from CourseHero.com on 11-18-2022 06:24:58 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/33575006/ATI-Cardiovascular-and-Hematology-docx/
A nurse is evaluating a clients repeat laboratory results 4 hr after administering fresh frozen
plasma (FFP). Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse review?
- Prothrombin time—the nurse should review the client’s prothrombin time after the
administration of FFP, which is plasma rich in clotting factors. FFP is administered to treat
acute clotting disorders. The desired effect is a decrease in the prothrombin time.
A nurse is caring for a client who had a myocardial infarction 5 days ago. The client has a sudden
onset of shortness of breath and begins coughing frothy, pink sputum. The nurse auscultates
loud, bubbly sounds on inspiration. Which of the following adventitious breath sounds should
the nurse document?
- Coarse crackles—a client who had a recent myocardial infarction is at risk for left-sided
heart failure. Crackles are breath sounds caused by movement of air through airways
partially or intermittently occluded with fluid and are associated with heart failure and
frothy sputum. Crackling sounds are heard at the end of inspiration and are not cleared
by coughing.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who reports using fish oil as a dietary supplement. Which
of the following substances in fish oil should the nurse recognize as a health benefit to this
client?
- Omega- 3 fatty acids—fish oil contain omega- 3 fatty acids, which can help lower the risk
of cardiovascular disease and stroke by decreasing triglyceride levels.
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new permanent pacemaker.
Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- Avoid lifting both arms above your head when dressing—the nurse should reinforce that
the client should avoid lifting her arm or should on the side of the pacemaker because
dislodgement of the pacer leads can occur.
A nurse is assisting in the plan of care for a client who is having a percutaneous transluminal
coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with stent placement. Which of the following actions should the
nurse anticipate in the postoperative plan of care?
- Initiate an aspirin regimen—the nurse should plan to initiate an aspirin regimen or
another antiplatelet agent. The antiplatelet medication maintains the patency of the
stent by reducing platelet aggregation.
A nurse preparing to transfuse 250 mL of packed red blood cells (RBCs) to a client over 4 hr.
Available is a blood administration set that delivers 10 gtt/mL. The nurse should set the manual
blood transfusion to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round to the nearest whole number).
- 10 gtt/min
- Equation: Volume (mL)/Time (min) X Drop Factor (gtt/min) = X gtt/min
- Step 1: 60 min X 4 hr = 240 min
- Step 2: 250 mL/240 min X 10 gtt/ min
This study source was downloaded by 100000857259159 from CourseHero.com on 11-18-2022 06:24:58 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/33575006/ATI-Cardiovascular-and-Hematology-docx/
, - Step 3: 1.041 X 10 gtt/min = 10.4 10 gtt/min
A nurse is assisting in collecting data from a client who has a history of unstable angina. Which
of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- The client reports chest pain when at rest—the client who has unstable angina will have
chest pain even while resting because of insufficient blood flow to the coronary arteries
and decreased oxygen supply. Chest pain at rest is a condition called variant
(Prinzmetal’s) angina, caused by an artery spasm.
A nurse in a clinic is collecting data from a client who has a history of peripheral arterial disease.
Which of the following findings on the client’s lower extremities should the nurse expect?
- Cool, pale skin with minimal body hair—a client who has peripheral arterial disease can
display dry, scaly, pale or mottled skin with minimal body hair because of narrowing of
the arteries in the legs and feet. This causes a decrease in blood flow to the distal
extremities, which can lead to tissue damage. Common manifestations are intermittent
claudication (leg pain with exercise), cold or numb feet at rest, loss of hair on the lower
legs and weakened pulses.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about lifestyle changes with a client who had a myocardial
infarction and has a new prescription for a beta blocker. Which of the following client
statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- Before taking my medication, I will check my blood pressure and radial pulse rate—a
beta blocker will induce bradycardia. The client should take her pulse rate for 1 min
before self-administration.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has pericarditis. Which of the following
manifestations should the nurse expect?
- Dyspnea—the client who has pericarditis will experience dyspnea, hiccups and a
nonproductive cough. These manifestations can indicate heart failure from pericardial
compression due to constructive pericarditis or cardiac tamponade.
A nurse is assisting in monitoring a client who had a myocardial infraction. For which of the
following complications should the nurse monitor in the first 24 hr?
- Ventricular dysrhythmias—after a myocardial infarction, the electrical conduction system
of the heart can be irritable and prone to dysrhythmias. Ischemic tissue caused by the
infarction can also interfere with the normal conduction patterns of the heart’s electrical
system.
A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who is in hypovolemic shock. While waiting for a unit
of blood, the nurse should plan to administer which of the following IV solutions?
- 0.9% sodium chloride—solutions of 0.9% sodium chloride, as well as Lactated Ringer’s
solution, are used for fluid volume replacement. Sodium chloride, a crystalloid, is a
physiologic solution that replaces lost volume in the blood stream and is the only
solution to use when infusing blood products.
This study source was downloaded by 100000857259159 from CourseHero.com on 11-18-2022 06:24:58 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/33575006/ATI-Cardiovascular-and-Hematology-docx/
