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Samenvatting Humane Fysiologie: Neurofysiologie/Zenuwstelsel - Biomedische Wetenschappen, jaar 1, Universiteit van Amsterdam

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Samenvatting van de e-lectures over het deel Neurofysiologie/Zenuwstelsel, behorend bij het vak Humane (Anatomie en) Fysiologie. Biomedische Wetenschappen, 1e jaar, UvA.

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Neurofysiologie

Organisatie van het zenuwstelsel:

Hersenen:

- 20% vh volume cellen, 80% cerebrospinale vloeistof
- 20% vd doorbloeding
- 10^11 neuronen, 10^12 gliacellen

Soorten gliacellen:

- Oligodendrocyten > in CNS
 Oligodendrocyten in white matter > bij de uitlopers van neuronen
 Perineurale oligodendrocyten > in buurt vd cellichamen van
neuronen > spelen belangrijke metabolische rol, ondersteuning
- Schwanncellen > in PNS > vormen myelineschede met nodes of Ranvier >
zorgen voor snelle signaaloverdracht > met name aanwezig in motorische
neuronen
- Astrocyten > ondersteuning + vorming bloed-hersenbarrière
- Microglia > immuuncellen in de hersenen > bescherming van neuronen door
cytokines en fagocytose van indringers

Rol van de gliacellen:

- Steunfunctie:
 Energiebron voor neuronen > door glucose (direct) en lactaat
(indirect: gliacel zet glucose om in lactaat)
 Buffering van extracellulaire K+ > K+ doorgegeven via gap junctions
(met elkaar en met neuronen)
 Reguleren neurotransmitter concentraties > synthese, opslag en
extracellulaire buffering (bv. glutamaat opslaan als glutamine)
 Hebben tal van receptoren voor allerlei stoffen
- Communicatie neuronen:
 Tripartite synaps = gliacellen zitten om synaps heen en spelen dus
belangrijke rol bij signaaloverdracht

, Samenvatting functie gliacellen:




Mutatie in connexine (= een gap junction) > myelineschede kan afbreken > vb:
Multiple Sclerose > ontsteking van CNS door geleidelijke afbraak van myeline

Soorten neuronen:

- Projectieneuronen > tussen hersendelen in
- Intrinsieke neuronen > communicatie binnen netwerken efficiënt laten
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Uploaded on
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Number of pages
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Written in
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SUMMARY

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