Vitamin Active form & place of Functions Deficiency
activation
A Retinol Maintenance of reproduction Night blindness
β-carotene Retinal vision xerophthalmia
promotion of the growth
Retinoic acid keratinization of skin
gene expression and cell differentiation and
liver retardation of growth
maintenance of epithelial tissues
β-carotene is an antioxidant acne and pasoriasis
D 1,25 dioH cholecalciferol Maintenance of calcium balance; enhances Rickets = poor mineralization of bone
Cholecalciferol Liver & kidney intestinal absorption of Ca2+ and mobilizes (in children)
osteomalacia = bone demineralization
bone mineral
(in adult)
Ergocalciferol
E α-Tocopherols Antioxidant, especially in cell membranes Extremely rare—serious neurologic
dysfunction. RBC fragility leads to
hemolytic anemia.
K Phylloquinone Coenzyme in gama- carboxylation of In newborn but rare in adult:
Antihemorrhag Menaquinones glutamate residue in clotting process Impaired blood clotting, hemorhagic
e vitamin Menadione disease. Dose is recommended at
liver birth due to sterile intestine.
Fat soluble vitamins
activation
A Retinol Maintenance of reproduction Night blindness
β-carotene Retinal vision xerophthalmia
promotion of the growth
Retinoic acid keratinization of skin
gene expression and cell differentiation and
liver retardation of growth
maintenance of epithelial tissues
β-carotene is an antioxidant acne and pasoriasis
D 1,25 dioH cholecalciferol Maintenance of calcium balance; enhances Rickets = poor mineralization of bone
Cholecalciferol Liver & kidney intestinal absorption of Ca2+ and mobilizes (in children)
osteomalacia = bone demineralization
bone mineral
(in adult)
Ergocalciferol
E α-Tocopherols Antioxidant, especially in cell membranes Extremely rare—serious neurologic
dysfunction. RBC fragility leads to
hemolytic anemia.
K Phylloquinone Coenzyme in gama- carboxylation of In newborn but rare in adult:
Antihemorrhag Menaquinones glutamate residue in clotting process Impaired blood clotting, hemorhagic
e vitamin Menadione disease. Dose is recommended at
liver birth due to sterile intestine.
Fat soluble vitamins
