NR 507 Patho Final Study guide All Questions Correctly Solved Chamberlain College of Nursing (NR507)

1. What are the two main functions of the kidney Review diagram for anatomical structures 1. Filtration and collection Urinary Tract pre-quiz Q's Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having a shorter urethra. True False True Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI? Increase water consumption Use spermicides during sexual intercourse Taking more Vitamin D Douching to prevent the growth of bacteria Increase water consumption A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes: Flank pain Urgency Decreased Urination Fever Urgency Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection? It is usually asymptomatic Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder Bacteria is located mostly in the lower urinary tract Is associated with young adults Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract infection (UTI)? Perimenopause Frequent showering Marathon running Pregnancy Pregnancy 1. Where do bacteria commonly come from in UTI's 2. Where can a UTI occur? 3. It is more common for women to develop a UTI especially when 1. Bacteria from the gut can invade the urinary epithelium to cause inflammation and infection 2. anywhere along the urinary tract such as the urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidney 3. pregnant, sexually active, during post-menopause with estrogen-deficiency and when being treated with antibiotics where the normal bacteria flora is diminished 1. Escherichia coli can bind to cells in the lower urinary tract and hide from the immune cells. The bacteria can form biofilms-what is this? 2. Describe the pathophysiology of a UTI that can lead to septic shock or bacterimia Note the diagram btw a male & female urinary tracts (who's is much shorter) 1. A biofilm is any group of microorganisms that allow them to stick to one another and adhere to surfaces that help them survive. 2. First, bacteria enter and contaminate the lower urinary tract. This causes the colonization of bacteria in the urethra and the bladder. If the UTI progresses the bacteria can ascend to the kidneys and colonize there. At this point, the infection becomes an upper UTI. From there, if left untreated, the bacteria can spread into the circulation via the renal veins causing bacteremia