NURSE-UN70 Chemical Basis of Life Test Bank Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 9th Edition,100% CORRECT

NURSE-UN70 Chemical Basis of Life Test Bank Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 9th Edition Chapter 03: Chemical Basis of Life Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following represents a trace element in the body? a. Sulfur b. Chlorine c. Iron d. Phosphorus ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Basic Chemistry 2. The kind of element is determined by the number of: a. protons. b. neutrons. c. mesotrons. d. electrons. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number 3. Atomic weight is determined by the number of: a. protons and electrons. b. neutrons and electrons. c. neutrons, protons, and electrons. d. protons and neutrons. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number 4. Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is: a. two. b. four. c. six. d. eight. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: TOP: Energy Levels 5. The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? a. Two b. Three c. Four d. Five ANS: C DIF: Application REF: TOP: Energy Levels 6. A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n): a. orbital. b. proton. c. neutron. d. electron. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Atomic Structure 7. When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share: a. electrons. b. protons. c. neutrons. d. nuclei. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: TOP: Attraction Between Atoms 8. An ionic bond is formed by: a. two or more positive ions combining. b. two or more negative ions combining. c. a positive and a negative ion attracting each other. d. sharing of a pair of electrons. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: TOP: Ionic Bonds 9. An example of an element would be: a. Ne. b. CO2. c. C6H12O6. d. H2O. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: TOP: Elements and Compounds 10. An isotope of an element contains different numbers of from other atoms of the same element. a. electrons b. protons c. neutrons d. both protons and neutrons ANS: C DIF: Application REF: TOP: Isotopes 11. Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element? a. Hydrogen b. Helium c. Oxygen d. Carbon ANS: B DIF: Synthesis REF: TOP: Attraction Between Atoms—Chemical Bonds 12. The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of: a. one proton. b. one proton and one neutron. c. two protons and one neutron. d. one proton and two neutrons. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: TOP: Isotopes 13. Which of the following bonds are the weakest? a. Ionic b. Hydrogen c. Electrovalent d. Covalent ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Hydrogen Bonds 14. The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a(n) reaction. a. reversible b. exchange c. synthesis d. decomposition ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Chemical Reactions 15. The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction? a. Synthesis b. Decomposition c. Exchange d. Reversible ANS: B DIF: Application REF: TOP: Chemical Reactions 16. Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called: a. acids. b. bases. c. buffers. d. salts. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Bases 17. Acids: a. are proton donors. b. taste sour. c. release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution. d. All of the above are true of acids. ANS: D DIF: Synthesis REF: TOP: Acids 18. A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) solution. a. acidic b. alkaline (basic) c. neutral d. Not enough information is given to determine the character of the solution. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: TOP: Bases 19. In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will: a. stay red. b. turn blue. c. turn green. d. turn yellow. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Acids and Bases 20. The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are): a. air. b. water. c. proteins. d. nucleic acids. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Water 21. Approximately what percentage of body weight is water? a. 40% b. 50% c. 60% d. 70% ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Water 22. AB + CD AD + CB is an example of a(n) reaction. a. synthesis b. exchange c. decomposition d. reversible ANS: B DIF: Application REF: TOP: Chemical Reactions 23. Which of the following represents properties of water? a. High specific heat b. High heat of vaporization c. Strong polarity d. All of the above ANS: D DIF: Synthesis REF: TOP: Properties of Water 24. The approximate pH of gastric fluid is: a. 10. b. 8. c. 4. d. 2. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: The pH Scale 25. Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body? a. Proteins b. Salts c. Lipids d. Nucleic acids ANS: B DIF: Synthesis REF: TOP: Organic Molecules 26. All of the following substances are organic except: a. lipids. b. electrolytes. c. carbohydrates. d. proteins. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: TOP: Organic Molecules 27. The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: a. hydrolysis. b. oxidation. c. decomposition. d. dehydration synthesis. ANS: D DIF: Synthesis REF: TOP: Anabolism 28. The study of metabolism includes examination of: a. catabolism. b. anabolism. c. ATP requirements. d. all of the above. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Metabolism 29. An example of a catabolic process is: a. hydrolysis. b. dehydration synthesis. c. formation of a peptide bond. d. both B and C. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Metabolism 30. Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body? a. Oxygen b. Zinc c. Carbon d. Potassium ANS: B DIF: Application REF: TOP: Basic Chemistry 31. Which of the following is not a subatomic particle? a. Proton b. Electron c. Radon d. Neutron ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Atomic Structure 32. The total number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of: a. neutrons orbiting the atom. b. protons plus the number of neutrons in its nucleus. c. protons in its nucleus. d. ions in its nucleus. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Energy Levels 33. An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains electrons. a. eight b. nine c. two d. Both A and C are correct. ANS: A DIF: Synthesis REF: TOP: Energy Levels 34. Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the: a. sharing of electrons between molecules. b. donation of protons from one atom to another. c. transfer of electrons from one atom to another. d. acceptance of neutrons from one atom by another. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: TOP: Ionic Bonds 35. Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are called: a. ionic. b. covalent. c. hydrogen. d. isotopic. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Covalent Bonds 36. The type of chemical reaction most likely to require energy is a(n) reaction. a. synthesis b. decomposition c. exchange d. All of the above reactions are equally likely to require energy. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Chemical Reactions 37. The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body? a. 50% b. 69% c. 78% d. 96% ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Elements and Compounds 38. Which subatomic particles carry a charge? a. Protons and neutrons b. Neutrons and electrons c. Protons and electrons d. Neutrons only ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Atomic Structure 39. The element oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which means it contains: a. four protons and four neutrons. b. eight protons. c. eight neutrons. d. four protons and four electrons. ANS: B DIF: Synthesis REF: TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number 40. For sodium to transform from a neutral atom to a positive ion, it must: a. gain an electron. b. gain a proton. c. lose an electron. d. lose a proton. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: TOP: Ionic Bonds 41. A molecule that is polar: a. can form a hydrogen bond. b. must be ionic. c. has an unequal charge. d. is both A and C. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: TOP: Hydrogen Bonds 42. The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a: a. hydrogen bond. b. synthesis reaction. c. decomposition reaction. d. None of the above is correct. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: TOP: Chemical Reactions 43. Electrolytes are: a. organic compounds. b. called cations if they have a negative charge. c. called cations if they have a positive charge. d. both A and B. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Electrolytes 44. A weak acid: a. dissociates very little in solution. b. dissociates almost completely in solution. c. will cause the pH of the solution to rise above 7. d. does both B and C. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: TOP: Acids and Bases 45. Salts: a. can form as the result of a chemical reaction between acids and bases. b. are electrolytes. c. will form crystals if the water is removed. d. All of the above are correct. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: TOP: Salts 46. Hydrolysis a water molecule. a. joins compounds by removing b. breaks down compounds by removing c. joins compounds by adding d. breaks down compounds by adding ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Catabolism 47. As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the: a. solution becomes more basic. b. solution becomes more acidic. c. pH rises. d. Both A and C are correct. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: TOP: Acids and Bases 48. As the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) increases, the: a. solution becomes more basic. b. solution becomes more acidic. c. pH rises. d. Both A and C are correct. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: TOP: Acids and Bases 49. A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. a. 12; 25; 2 b. 12; 13; 14 c. 12; 13; 10 d. Not enough information is given to answer the question. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: TOP: Atomic Structure 50. The octet rule refers to the: a. stability of the nucleus when the protons are in a multiple of eight. b. stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level. c. stable configuration of the nucleus when there are eight more neutrons than protons. d. principle that one atom can combine with a maximum of eight other atoms. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: TOP: Energy Levels 51. The type of reaction most likely to release energy is a(n) reaction. a. synthesis b. decomposition c. exchange d. All of the above reactions are equally likely to release energy. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: TOP: Chemical Reactions 52. Which of the following is not true of all isotopes of oxygen? a. They can all react with two hydrogen atoms to form water. b. They have the same number of protons. c. They have the same atomic mass. d. All of the above are true of isotopes of oxygen. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: TOP: Isotopes 53. Hydrogen can form only when the hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to: a. an oxygen atom. b. a nitrogen atom. c. a fluorine. d. any of the above. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Hydrogen Bonds 54. A strong acid: a. holds on strongly to its hydrogen atoms, releasing very few in solution. b. would cause a drop in the pH of a solution. c. would cause a rise in the pH of a solution. d. is both A and C. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: TOP: Acids 55. If the pH of a person’s blood is 7.4, it would be described as: a. strongly acidic. b. neutral. c. slightly acidic. d. slightly alkaline. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: TOP: Bases 56. When sodium (Na) gives up an electron to chlorine, the result is the formation of a sodium ion (Na+) with a positive charge. This happens because there is then one more than . a. proton; electron b. electron; proton c. proton; neutron d. electron; neutron ANS: A DIF: Application REF: TOP: Ionic Bonds 57. If an atom with a total of nine electrons were to ionically bond with an atom with a total of three electrons, what would occur? a. The atom with nine electrons would share one of its electrons with the other atom. b. The atom with nine electrons would lose one of its electrons, and the atom with three electrons would accept it. c. The atom with nine electrons would accept one of the electrons from the atom with three electrons. d. The atom with three electrons would share one of its electrons with the other atom. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: TOP: Ionic Bonds 58. The carbon-containing molecules formed by living things are often called: a. buffers. b. inorganic molecules. c. organic molecules. d. salts. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds 59. The term that is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells is: a. catabolism. b. metabolism. c. synthesis. d. anabolism. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: TOP: Metabolism 60. When your body is building larger and more complex chemical molecules from smaller subunits, what is occurring? a. Anabolic reactions that expend energy b. Anabolic reactions that require energy c. Catabolic reactions that expend energy d. Catabolic reactions that require energy ANS: B DIF: Application REF: TOP: Metabolism 61. Which type of radiation consists of an electron that is released by the nucleus of an atom? a. Alpha b. Beta c. Delta d. Gamma ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Radioactivity 62. Which type of radiation consists of electromagnetic radiation, a form of light energy? a. Alpha b. Beta c. Delta d. Gamma ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Radioactivity 63. Which type of radiation consists of two protons and two neutrons? a. Alpha b. Beta c. Delta d. Gamma ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Radioactivity 64. A + B AB is an example of a(n) reaction. a. decomposition b. reversible c. exchange d. Both A and B are correct. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Chemical Reactions 65. The octet rule refers to the: a. stability of the nucleus when the protons are in a multiple of eight. b. stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level. c. stable configuration of the nucleus when there are eight more neutrons than protons. d. principle that one atom can combine with a maximum of eight other atoms. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: TOP: Energy Levels TRUE/FALSE 1. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines its atomic mass. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass 2. The positively charged electrons are found in clouds outside the nucleus of an atom. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Atomic Structure 3. Two shared pairs of electrons represent a single covalent bond. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: TOP: Covalent Bonds 4. The digestion of food is an example of a decomposition reaction. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: Chemical Reactions 5. The number and arrangement of electrons orbiting in an atom’s outer shell determine its chemical activity. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: Energy Levels 6. An atom is chemically inert if its outermost shell has two pairs of electrons. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: TOP: Energy Levels 7. An isotope of an element contains the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Isotopes 8. Electrovalent and ionic bonds are the same. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Ionic Bonds 9. Radiation results from the breaking apart of the nucleus of an atom. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Radioactivity 10. Radioactivity can cause an atom of one element to change to that of another element. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Radioactivity 11. Gamma radiation has less mass than alpha or beta radiation. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: Radioactivity 12. A substance that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added is called a buffer. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: Buffers 13. The chemical reaction of an acid with a base will produce a salt and water. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: Salts 14. Water acts as a very effective solvent. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Water 15. Electrolytes include acids, bases, and salts. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Electrolytes 16. By definition, inorganic compounds do not contain carbon. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds 17. Electrolytes are characterized by having either a positive or a negative charge. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Electrolytes 18. Acids are electrolytes that produce OH+ ions. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Acids 19. pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: The pH Scale 20. Metabolism includes the processes of both anabolism and catabolism. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Metabolism 21. ATP is broken down in an anabolic reaction. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: TOP: Catabolism 22. Catabolism and anabolism are major types of metabolic activity. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Metabolism 23. Sodium chloride is an example of an ionic bond. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: Ionic Bonds 24. The digestion of food is an example of a synthesis reaction. ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: TOP: Chemical Reactions 25. The pH scale indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Acids and Bases 26. Litmus paper will turn red in the presence of a base. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Acids and Bases 27. The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass 28. The mass of a proton is almost exactly equal to the mass of an electron. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass 29. Hydrogen will react with other atoms to get eight electrons in its outer energy level. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: TOP: Energy Levels 30. A double covalent bond involves the sharing of two electrons. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: TOP: Covalent Bonds 31. Synthesis reactions release energy for use by the cell. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Chemical Reactions 32. Electrolytes dissociate to form ions. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: Electrolytes 33. As the hydrogen ion concentration increases, the pH value increases. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: TOP: Acids and Bases 34. Chemistry can be defined as the science that deals with the structure, arrangement, and composition of substances and the reactions they undergo. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Introduction 35. The nucleus of the atom will always have a positive charge. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: Atomic Structure 36. If an atom has an atomic number of 12 and an atomic mass of 25, it must have 13 neutrons. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass 37. Consider an atom that has an atomic mass of 18. For it to be electrically neutral, it must have 18 electrons. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: TOP: Atomic Structure, Atomic Number, and Atomic Mass 38. Atoms become positively charged by gaining protons. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Ionic Bonds 39. Inorganic compounds do not play an important role in living systems. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds 40. Acids release protons in solution. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Acids 41. The “aliveness” of a living organism depends on the mixture of elements of which it is made. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Elements and Compounds 42. Four elements are considered to be the major elements in the body. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Elements and Compounds 43. Dalton named the atom after the Greek word for invisible. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Atoms 44. A neutral atom that has 22 protons must have 22 electrons. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: Atoms 45. A neutral atom that has 22 protons must have 22 neutrons. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: TOP: Atoms 46. A neutral atom that has 22 protons could have 25 neutrons. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: Atoms 47. Oxygen has eight electrons, but only six of them are in its outermost energy level. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: Energy Levels 48. Hydrogen bonds between atoms do not form molecules or compounds. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Attraction Between Molecules 49. According to the general formula, in synthesis reactions, the number of reactants is usually greater than the number of products. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: Chemical Reactions 50. According to the general formula, in decomposition reactions, the number of reactants is usually greater than the number of products. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: TOP: Chemical Reactions 51. According to the general formula, in exchange reactions, the number of reactants and the number of products are usually equal. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: Chemical Reactions 52. A solution with a pH of 6 has 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 4. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: TOP: The pH Scale 53. A solution with a pH of 3 has 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 5. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: The pH Scale 54. Because oxygen has eight electrons, it has achieved its octet and will not react with other elements. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: TOP: Energy Levels 55. Trace elements in the body make up about 1% of the body weight. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Elements and Compounds 56. The atomic number of an atom determines its identity. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number 57. An ionic bond forms crystals whereas a covalent bond forms molecules. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Ionic Bonds and Covalent Bonds 58. Electrons surround the nucleus of an atom in areas of probability rather than in defined orbits. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Energy Levels 59. The idea that electrons are found in areas of probability distribution around the nucleus was first proposed by Niels Bohr. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Energy Levels 60. The term atomic weight refers to the average mass number for a particular element based on the typical proportions of different isotopes found in nature. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Isotopes 61. A molecule can be an element or a compound. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: Attraction Between Atoms—Chemical Bonds 62. There cannot be an electrically neutral ion. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: TOP: Ionic Bonds 63. Ions gain or lose electrons to try to attain four pairs of electrons in their outermost energy level. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Ionic Bonds 64. Hydrogen bonds form as a result of the attraction between polar molecules. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Hydrogen Bonds 65. In a formula for a chemical reaction, the substances on the right of the arrow are referred to as products. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Chemical Reactions 66. A type of chemical reaction called hydrolysis is an example of an anabolic reaction. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Catabolism 67. During catabolic reactions, some of the energy is released as heat to help keep the body warm. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Catabolism 68. A type of chemical reaction called dehydration synthesis is an example of an anabolic reaction. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Anabolism 69. A few inorganic compounds contain both C-C bonds but no inorganic compound has a C-H bond. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds 70. Fifty percent or more of a normal adult’s body weight is water. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Water 71. One of the functions of water in the body is that of helping to maintain a constant body temperature. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Properties of Water 72. One function of carbon dioxide is to help maintain proper pH balance in the body. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide 73. A substance that releases an OH– ion in solution is called a base. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Bases 74. A solution containing the same number of H+ ions and OH– ions would have a pH of zero. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: TOP: The pH Scale MATCHING Match each term to its corresponding descriptive phrase. a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Isotopes e. Ionic bonds f. Covalent bonds g. Octet rule h. Atomic number i. Atomic mass j. Hydrogen bonds 1. Number of protons an atom has 2. Subatomic particle with no charge 3. Bond formed between atoms when they share electrons 4. Subatomic particle with a positive charge 5. Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons 6. Value determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons in an atom 7. Bond that requires a polar molecule 8. Subatomic particle that has a negative charge and is found in a “cloud” surrounding the nucleus of the atom 9. Bond that is formed by the transfer of an electron from one atom to another 10. Indicates an atom will react until it has eight electrons in its outermost energy level 1. ANS: H DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number 2. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Atomic Structure 3. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Covalent Bonds 4. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Atomic Structure 5. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Isotopes 6. ANS: I DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number 7. ANS: J DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Hydrogen Bonds 8. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Atomic Structure 9. ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Ionic Bonds 10. ANS: G DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Energy Levels OTHER 1. Describe the Bohr model of the atom. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Energy Levels 2. Name and briefly describe the types of chemical bonds discussed in this chapter. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: TOP: Covalent Bonds, Ionic or Electrovalent Bonds, and Hydrogen Bonds 3. Explain the types of chemical reactions discussed in this chapter, and give the formula for each. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Chemical Reactions 4. Name and describe the types of radiation discussed in the chapter. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: TOP: Radiation 5. Explain why the properties of water are important in the functioning of the body. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: TOP: Properties of Water 6. Explain the role of buffers in maintaining the proper environment in which the body can function. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: TOP: Buffers 7. Explain what is meant by anabolism and catabolism, and name a process that is an example of each. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Metabolism 8. Releases a hydrogen ion into a solution, which lowers the pH a. Acid b. Base ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Acids and Bases 9. Releases a hydroxide ion into solution, which raises the pH a. Acid b. Base ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Acids and Bases 10. Turns red litmus paper blue a. Acid b. Base ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Acids and Bases 11. Turns blue litmus paper red a. Acid b. Base ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Acids and Bases 12. Gastric fluid, approximately a 1.5 on the pH scale a. Acid b. Base ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Acids and Bases 13. Household ammonia, an 11 on the pH scale a. Acid b. Base ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Acids and Bases 14. Tastes sour a. Acid b. Base ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Acids and Bases 15. Tastes bitter a. Acid b. Base ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: TOP: Acids and Bases