Study Guide Family Med - GU, GYN, Electrolytes| 109 QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Syndrome of rapidly deteriorating GFR w/ azotemia Correct Answer: AKI What is azotemia? Correct Answer: Accum of nitrogenous waste Which type of AKI is characterized by: Increased BUN:Cr ratio (20:1) Urine osmolality 500 Correct Answer: Pre-renal Which type of AKI is characterized by: Increased urine sodium 40 UA: granular casts, WBC and casts, RBC and casts, proteinuria, tubular epithelial cells Correct Answer: Intrinsic What causes pre-renal AKI? Correct Answer: Reduced perfusion to kidney (hypovolemia, hypotension, renal artery stenosis, embolic dz) What causes intrinsic AKI? Correct Answer: Acute tubular necrosis, nephrotoxins, interstitial dz (SLE, infection, acute interstitial nephritis), glomerulonephritis What causes post-renal AKI? Correct Answer: Tubular obstruction, obstructive uropathy (urolithiasis, BPH, bladder outlet obstruction) Tx for pre-renal AKI? Correct Answer: IV fluids and improvement of CO Tx for intrinsic AKI? Correct Answer: D/C nephrotoxic agent Tx for post-renal AKI? Correct Answer: Relieve urinary tract obstruction w stents or catheters What classification is used for AKI? Correct Answer: RIFLE classification of AKI: Risk of renal dysfxn Injury to kidney Failure of kidney fxn Loss of kidney fxn (persistent AKD) End stage kidney dz (ESKD) Which classification of AKI: Increased Serum Cr 1.5 fold Decr GFR 25%