PANCE Test Prep (2022/2023)

PANCE Test Prep 2022/2023 what vitamin deficiency causes the triad of dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia? – niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency = pellagra what vitamin deficiency causes bleeding gums, petechiae, poor wound healing, and loose teeth? – vitamin C deficiency = scurvy what is pellagra? – niacin (vit B3) deficiency what is scurvy? – vitamin C deficiency what vitamin deficiency causes night blindness + dry skin? – vitamin A what is the medical term for vitamin D deficiency? – Rickets / osteomalacia what is beriberi? – thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency what is the medical term for vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency? – beriberi what is the treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU)? – low-phenylalanine diet + tyrosine supplementation What is Budd-Chiari syndrome? – hepatic vein thrombosis that causes RUQ pain, ascites, and hepatomegaly DOC for NSAID-induced ulcer disease? – misoprostol "corkscrew" appearance on barium swallow should make you think of what diagnosis? – diffuse esophageal spasm positive Schilling test indicates what? – pernicious anemia what kind of metabolic disturbance occurs in pyloric stenosis? – hypOchloremic, hypOkalemic metabolic alkalosis what is the classic triad for CHRONIC pancreatitis? – pancreatic calcification + steatorrhea+ diabetes mellitus DOC for pruritus in primary biliary cholangitis? – cholestyramine name TWO causes of isolated indirect hyperbilirubinemia. – Gilbert's syndrome, Crigler-Najjar syndrome + IgA endomysial antibody is seen in? – celiac disease + ANCA antibodies are seen in which type of IBD? – ulcerative colitis + ASCA antibodies are seen in which type of IBD? – crohn's MC artery affected in mesenteric ischemia? – SMA how to dx lactose intolerance? – hydrogen breath test Trypanosoma cruzi parasite causes what disease? – Chagas disease what nutritional deficiency causes rickets? – vitamin D deficiency what is the MCC of thiamine deficiency? – chronic ETOH abuse what occupations are associated with berylliosis? – aerospace and nuclear plant workers which TB medication is contraindicated in gout? – pyrazinamide exposure to pigeon droppings may result in pneumonia caused by what organism? – cryptococcus MCC of pneumonia in COPD pts? – Haemophilus influenzae what are the components of carcinoid syndrome? – cutaneous flushing + diarrhea + wheezing + low BP what pulmonary artery pressure is diagnostic for pulmonary hypertension? – 25 mmHg MC symptom vs. sign in acute PE? – MC symptom = dyspnea MC sign = tachypnea what PCWP is diagnostic for ARDS? – 18 mmHg what diagnosis should you think of in a young male nonsmoker with emphysema? – alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency what electrolyte must be given with potassium to ensure proper repletion? - magnesium which is more elevated in alcoholic hepatitis, AST or ALT? - AST ALT which is more elevated in viral hepatitis, AST or ALT? - ALT AST what's a complication of Hirschsprung disease? - toxic megacolon delayed meconium passage should make you think of what? - Hirschsprung disease name a GI complication associated with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. - intussusception intussusception is a complication of what vaccine? - rotavirus best marker of HBV immunity? - anti-HBs (antibody to HBV surface antigen) DOC for primary prophylaxis of esophageal varices? - propranolol (nonselective beta blocker) which hematologic abnormality is associated with gastritis? - pernicious anemia common cause of osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell disease? - salmonella what is the triad of Wernicke's encephalopathy? - 1. confusion / encephalopathy 2. opthalmoplegia / oculomotor dysfunction 3. ataxia cutaneous manifestation of celiac disease? - dermatitis herpetiformis MC site of pancreatic carcinoma? - head of pancreas name of physical exam finding of sausage-shaped mass in RUQ with emptiness in the RLQ? - Dance's sign (associated w/ intussusception!) liver disease + Parkinson-like symptoms + Kayser-Fleischer rings = __________? - Wilson's disease what vitamin deficiency causes bleeding gums, petechiae, poor wound healing, and loose teeth? and what is this condition called? - vitamin C deficiency = scurvy which antibiotics are used to treat acute diverticulitis? - cipro + flagyl MCC of iron deficiency anemia? - chronic GI bleed MC location of colorectal cancer? - cecum "string sign" on barium swallow indicates what dx? - pyloric stenosis when taking sulfasalazine for IBD, what vitamin should be supplemented? - folic acid (folate) what is the medical term for feeling like there is a lump in your throat? - globus MC location of an anal fissure? - posterior midline DOC for antidromic AVRT (stable)? - procainamide avoid AV nodal blockers (adenosine, beta-blockers, CCBs, digoxin) in orthodromic or antidromic AVRT? - antidromic DOC for primary prophylaxis of esophageal varices? - propranolol (nonselective beta blocker) name of physical exam sign characterized by a loud crunching sound, best heard in LLD? - Hamman's sign (pathognomonic for mediastinal air!) MCC of acute vs. chronic aortic regurgitation? - acute MCC = endocarditis chronic MCC = rheumatic heart disease MCC of tricuspid regurgitation? - increased R heart pressure / RV dilation EKG with characteristic "Salvador Dali mustache"? - digoxin effect fibric acid derivatives (eg, gemfibrozil) are contraindicated in what? - biliary disease MCC of mitral valve prolapse? - myxomatous valve degeneration MCC of tricuspid stenosis? - rheumatic heart disease (TS almost always occurs with MS) which class of diabetes meds are contraindicated in heart failure? - thiazolidinediones (eg, pioglitazone) what medications should be avoided in patients with critical aortic stenosis? - vasodilators and diuretics (b/c these pts are preload-dependent!) "egg-shaped heart" on CXR? - transposition of the great vessels tx of choice (which pharmacologic class) for long QT syndrome? - beta- blockers capture beats and fusion beats confirm the diagnosis of __________? - V-Tach fetus is at risk for what congenital heart problem if maternal Lithium use during pregnancy? - Ebstein's anomaly decrease in SBP (10mmHg) and weaker pulse during inspiration refers to __________________ - pulsus paradoxus name TWO class IC antiarrhythmics. - flecainide, propafenone digoxin is used to treat what 2 conditions? - CHF & A-Fib