ESL 2750 Chapter 3 (& 8) and Appendix E Name: Amirat Ibrahim.
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Based on by Oshima, Hogue & Ravitch’s Longman Academic Writing Series, Level 4: Essays. 5th Edition, Pearson,
White Plains, 2014. Used with permission.
Why should students use outside sources in their university writing? 1- Because it is required. 2- Fpr
supporting ideas. 3- To expand your ideas.
Writing Model
1. Write the first three words of the topic sentence. -Inupiak, An Alaskan language...
2. How do sentences 2 & 11 develop the ideas of the topic sentence? _____________________
3. What is the key supporting idea in sentence 3? -it states that the language which do not have a lot
of speaker in in the danger of also getting to extinction.
Where did the paragraph author find this information?- The author gained it from a reliable
source online.
4. How would the paragraph have been different using only personal knowledge?
If the author had used personal knowledge then she would have stated her personal ideas and how
she feels about the topic. For example, she could have added words like: “I believe….
Practice 1. A. Write the synonyms for these words as they are used in the paragraph:
1. Threat- warning. 2. Initiatives- planners
3. Serious- severe. 4. Languages- dialect
B. Write the correct synonym for “happily” as it is used in the last sentence- luckily.
What is plagiarism? This is defined as the use of information from an outside source without
acknowledging the source.
How can you avoid this problem? Putting quotation marks around words copied.& state the idea in
your own words or Citing the source.
What are the two steps to citation? In text citation & Works cited
list..___________________________
Practice 2: Write both steps of citations (In Text & Works Cited) for each item:
2. In-text: (Garland 33)
Works Cited page- Garland, Eric. Can Minority Languages Be Saved?”
The futurist, July-August. 2006: 31-36 Print.
3. In-text: (Jill)
Works Cited page: Jill, Jodi. “Olympic Table Tennis Grunts Are Athletes Universal
Language.”Examiner.com. 2012. Web 15 Aug, 2012. <www.examiner.com/article/olympic-table-tennis-
grunts-are-athlete-s-universal-language>
, 5. In-text: (Tannen 152)
Works Cited page: Tannen, Deborah. The Argument Culture: Stopping America’s War of Words.
New York: Ballantine Books, 1999. Print.
5. In-text: (Myers)
Works Cited page: Myers, G. Aaron. “Becoming an independent Language Learner” The Everyday
Language Learner, 25 July 2012. Web 15 Oct 2012.
New Try It Out: write both forms of citation from a source about a subject you are interested in:
In text: ( Lim, Alane)
Works Cited: Lim, Alane.. “What is biology?” Live Science, Jan 2021. Web 4 March 2021.
Practice 3. Re-read page 47 and answer these questions:
1. Who spoke the words in quotation marks? Henry Goodman.
2. What verb introduces that quotation? -Comments.
3. What information is provided by the in-text citation at the end? The source of the quotation.
4. Who wrote the article in which the quotation originally appeared? Woodroof Martha.
Is the source printed or on-line? (Circle the correct one) How do you know? Online, because no
page number was kept in the source
Why do you think the author included the quotation? In other words, how does the quotation
support the main idea? The author included the quotation to show that they aren’t his words
and to refer to the source he/she got it from. The quotation supports the main idea as the
man commented that he couldn’t learn the language growing up, but the new projects will
give him a chance to learn the language.
Write any 5 useful reporting verbs for you to use:state, Note,
Declare, Maintain, Claim
What are three reasons to cite (give the source of) borrowed information?
1- It leads your reader to more information. 2- it shows reliability of your information or
resources. 3- To avoid plagiarism.
Aside from citation, what is another important step when using outside words or ideas? Quotation.
Practice 4: Punctuate these quotations correctly.
2. As she explained in black holes, “the laws of nature do not seem to apply.”
3. “A black hole is a tiny point with the mass 25 times the mass of our sun.” explained Ma’s associate,
Chun-Yi Su. “Black holes are created by the death of a very large star.” she stated.
4. “It is an invisible vacuum cleaner in space.” she added, with tremendous gravitational pull.
/20
Based on by Oshima, Hogue & Ravitch’s Longman Academic Writing Series, Level 4: Essays. 5th Edition, Pearson,
White Plains, 2014. Used with permission.
Why should students use outside sources in their university writing? 1- Because it is required. 2- Fpr
supporting ideas. 3- To expand your ideas.
Writing Model
1. Write the first three words of the topic sentence. -Inupiak, An Alaskan language...
2. How do sentences 2 & 11 develop the ideas of the topic sentence? _____________________
3. What is the key supporting idea in sentence 3? -it states that the language which do not have a lot
of speaker in in the danger of also getting to extinction.
Where did the paragraph author find this information?- The author gained it from a reliable
source online.
4. How would the paragraph have been different using only personal knowledge?
If the author had used personal knowledge then she would have stated her personal ideas and how
she feels about the topic. For example, she could have added words like: “I believe….
Practice 1. A. Write the synonyms for these words as they are used in the paragraph:
1. Threat- warning. 2. Initiatives- planners
3. Serious- severe. 4. Languages- dialect
B. Write the correct synonym for “happily” as it is used in the last sentence- luckily.
What is plagiarism? This is defined as the use of information from an outside source without
acknowledging the source.
How can you avoid this problem? Putting quotation marks around words copied.& state the idea in
your own words or Citing the source.
What are the two steps to citation? In text citation & Works cited
list..___________________________
Practice 2: Write both steps of citations (In Text & Works Cited) for each item:
2. In-text: (Garland 33)
Works Cited page- Garland, Eric. Can Minority Languages Be Saved?”
The futurist, July-August. 2006: 31-36 Print.
3. In-text: (Jill)
Works Cited page: Jill, Jodi. “Olympic Table Tennis Grunts Are Athletes Universal
Language.”Examiner.com. 2012. Web 15 Aug, 2012. <www.examiner.com/article/olympic-table-tennis-
grunts-are-athlete-s-universal-language>
, 5. In-text: (Tannen 152)
Works Cited page: Tannen, Deborah. The Argument Culture: Stopping America’s War of Words.
New York: Ballantine Books, 1999. Print.
5. In-text: (Myers)
Works Cited page: Myers, G. Aaron. “Becoming an independent Language Learner” The Everyday
Language Learner, 25 July 2012. Web 15 Oct 2012.
New Try It Out: write both forms of citation from a source about a subject you are interested in:
In text: ( Lim, Alane)
Works Cited: Lim, Alane.. “What is biology?” Live Science, Jan 2021. Web 4 March 2021.
Practice 3. Re-read page 47 and answer these questions:
1. Who spoke the words in quotation marks? Henry Goodman.
2. What verb introduces that quotation? -Comments.
3. What information is provided by the in-text citation at the end? The source of the quotation.
4. Who wrote the article in which the quotation originally appeared? Woodroof Martha.
Is the source printed or on-line? (Circle the correct one) How do you know? Online, because no
page number was kept in the source
Why do you think the author included the quotation? In other words, how does the quotation
support the main idea? The author included the quotation to show that they aren’t his words
and to refer to the source he/she got it from. The quotation supports the main idea as the
man commented that he couldn’t learn the language growing up, but the new projects will
give him a chance to learn the language.
Write any 5 useful reporting verbs for you to use:state, Note,
Declare, Maintain, Claim
What are three reasons to cite (give the source of) borrowed information?
1- It leads your reader to more information. 2- it shows reliability of your information or
resources. 3- To avoid plagiarism.
Aside from citation, what is another important step when using outside words or ideas? Quotation.
Practice 4: Punctuate these quotations correctly.
2. As she explained in black holes, “the laws of nature do not seem to apply.”
3. “A black hole is a tiny point with the mass 25 times the mass of our sun.” explained Ma’s associate,
Chun-Yi Su. “Black holes are created by the death of a very large star.” she stated.
4. “It is an invisible vacuum cleaner in space.” she added, with tremendous gravitational pull.
