management and organization
❖ Industrial Revolution:
o The current of using steam power as an energy source, starting with James Watt
and mechanization: The industrial revolution started with the steam engine.
he 18th century. s in them and 19th century. the invention of steam engines and the industrial
With the implementation of the application, the place of small-scale workshop type enterprises was first replaced by machines.
large workshops producing, and then increasingly mass-producing
resulted in the purchase of factories. This period is known as the industrial revolution.
is mentioned.
he 18th century. The industrial revolution that started in England in the second half of the
caused changes.
Before the Industrial Revolution, there was a livelihood based on the agricultural economy. Industry
With the revolution, machine criticism started.
o England with the industrial revolution, agriculture-village life; industry-commerce
passed into his life.
o Therefore, the workers who previously worked in agriculture, with the industrial revolution,
while workers become workers; landowners in agriculture become factories in the industrial revolution.
they have become owners.
o With the mechanization and the formation of the factory system, by the craftsmen
handicrafts and small production units are gathered under one roof.
has begun.
o Human labor has been replaced by machines.
o Factories started to increase rapidly, new cities were formed, working areas
expanded, large enterprises emerged, many people began to work in the factory.
This has led to some administrative problems.
o With the industrial revolution, the separation or separation of business ownership and management
It turns out that things need to be understood.
❖ What emerged with the industrial revolution?
o The factory has emerged
o The possibility of meeting between the producer and the consumer has decreased.
o With the development of capital companies, especially joint stock companies, business ownership and
management began to separate from each other.
o There has been an increase in the number of workers working in the enterprise, which brings with it unionization.
has brought. that is, workers began to gather in unions.
o Division of labor has become mandatory.
o The handcraft skill has been replaced by increasing production efficiency by using machinery.
o The fact that many people work in the factory reveals management and organization problems.
took it out.
o While capital accumulation is in the form of cash accumulation and land expansion; industrial production
leading to the transformation into the form of tools and traders to turn to industrialism.
has opened.
o Wage systems emerged.
o Economic, political and social problems began to change.
o All these have made the management of enterprises complex and difficult. of managers
There was a need to equip it with certain information.
➢ Scientific Management Period
1. Classical (traditional) Management Thinking
a) Scientific Management Approach (Frederick W. Taylor)
b) Management Process Approach (Henry Fayol)
c) Bureaucracy Approach (Max Weber)
2. Neo-classical (Behavioral) management thought
3. Modern management thought
a) System Approach
b ) Contingency approach
4. Post-Modern (post-modern) Management Thought
➢ Classical Management Thinking
• He saw man as a cog in the machine. Man is necessary for the operation of the machine
is a piece.
• To determine the general principles to be followed for the best organizational structure and management style.
has worked. In every organization. certain rules that apply at all times and under all circumstances.
tries to determine (universal) principles.
❖ Industrial Revolution:
o The current of using steam power as an energy source, starting with James Watt
and mechanization: The industrial revolution started with the steam engine.
he 18th century. s in them and 19th century. the invention of steam engines and the industrial
With the implementation of the application, the place of small-scale workshop type enterprises was first replaced by machines.
large workshops producing, and then increasingly mass-producing
resulted in the purchase of factories. This period is known as the industrial revolution.
is mentioned.
he 18th century. The industrial revolution that started in England in the second half of the
caused changes.
Before the Industrial Revolution, there was a livelihood based on the agricultural economy. Industry
With the revolution, machine criticism started.
o England with the industrial revolution, agriculture-village life; industry-commerce
passed into his life.
o Therefore, the workers who previously worked in agriculture, with the industrial revolution,
while workers become workers; landowners in agriculture become factories in the industrial revolution.
they have become owners.
o With the mechanization and the formation of the factory system, by the craftsmen
handicrafts and small production units are gathered under one roof.
has begun.
o Human labor has been replaced by machines.
o Factories started to increase rapidly, new cities were formed, working areas
expanded, large enterprises emerged, many people began to work in the factory.
This has led to some administrative problems.
o With the industrial revolution, the separation or separation of business ownership and management
It turns out that things need to be understood.
❖ What emerged with the industrial revolution?
o The factory has emerged
o The possibility of meeting between the producer and the consumer has decreased.
o With the development of capital companies, especially joint stock companies, business ownership and
management began to separate from each other.
o There has been an increase in the number of workers working in the enterprise, which brings with it unionization.
has brought. that is, workers began to gather in unions.
o Division of labor has become mandatory.
o The handcraft skill has been replaced by increasing production efficiency by using machinery.
o The fact that many people work in the factory reveals management and organization problems.
took it out.
o While capital accumulation is in the form of cash accumulation and land expansion; industrial production
leading to the transformation into the form of tools and traders to turn to industrialism.
has opened.
o Wage systems emerged.
o Economic, political and social problems began to change.
o All these have made the management of enterprises complex and difficult. of managers
There was a need to equip it with certain information.
➢ Scientific Management Period
1. Classical (traditional) Management Thinking
a) Scientific Management Approach (Frederick W. Taylor)
b) Management Process Approach (Henry Fayol)
c) Bureaucracy Approach (Max Weber)
2. Neo-classical (Behavioral) management thought
3. Modern management thought
a) System Approach
b ) Contingency approach
4. Post-Modern (post-modern) Management Thought
➢ Classical Management Thinking
• He saw man as a cog in the machine. Man is necessary for the operation of the machine
is a piece.
• To determine the general principles to be followed for the best organizational structure and management style.
has worked. In every organization. certain rules that apply at all times and under all circumstances.
tries to determine (universal) principles.
