Exam #3: Fluid and Electrolytes Quiz Questions & Answers_ Fall 2022.
Exam #3: Fluid and Electrolytes Quiz Questions & Answers_ Fall 2022. Which of the following actions is important to observe when giving potassium chloride (KCl) 100 mEq intravenously (IV) to a client with severe hypokalemia? 1) Use an IV pump to ensure safe delivery. 2) Warm the solution to room temperature. 3) Give rapidly to counteract the hypokalemia. 4) Give undiluted as a rapid bolus. Which of the following is the normal level of potassium in the blood? 1) 1.5 to 4.0 2) 3.5 - 5.0 3) 5.0-7.5 4) none of the above The active process by which sodium moves out of the cell and potassium moves into the cell is called: 1) filtration. 2) osmosis. 3) diffusion. 4) active transport. Which of the following interventions would be the best choice to monitor fluid and electrolyte balance? 1) assess if client is voiding 2) assess daily weight 3) evaluate daily urine specimens 4) check daily sodium levels Which of the following statements best describes electrolytes in extracellular and intracellular fluid? 1) There is a greater concentration of sodium in extracellular fluid and a greater concentration of potassium in intracellular fluid. 2) There is equal movement of sodium and potassium between intracellular and extracellular fluids. 3) There is a greater concentration of potassium in extracellular fluid and a greater concentration of sodium in intracellular fluid. 4) None of the above A client is hyponatremic and the cause is thought to be fluid overload. When this is the etiology, what would be the intervention of choice? 1) restrict sodium intake 2) do nothing and allow it to resolve itself 3) restrict oral fluids 4) force fluids Aldosterone promotes which of the following? 1) Reabsorption of sodium. 2) Reabsorption of potassium. 3) Excretion of renin. 4) Excretion of water. A patient is receiving a loop diuretic. The nurse should be alert to which of the following symptoms? 1) Restlessness and agitation 2) Paresthesias and irritability 3) Weak, irregular pulse, cardiac arrhythmias, and muscle weakness 4) Increased blood pressure and muscle spasms The plasma oncotic pressure does which of the following? 1) Pulls fluid back into the vascular space at the venous side of the capillary 2) Pushes fluid out of the vascular space at the venous side of the capillary 3) Pushes fluid out of the vascular space at the arterial side of the capillary 4) All of the above The majority of the body's water is contained in which of the following fluid compartments? 1) interstitial 2) intracellular 3) extracellular 4) intravascular Which of the following are symptoms of hypovolemia? 1) oliguria 2) weight gain 3) decreased pulse and increased BP 4) distended jugular veins Which of the following are symptoms of hypocalcemia (low calicum)? 1) Positive Chvostek's and Trousseau signs and seizures 2) Prolonged QT interval 3) Numbness and tingling of the hands and muscle cramps 4) All of the above Which of the following is responsible for the oncotic pressure in the blood stream? 1) Antidiuretic hormone 2) Blood urea nitrogen 3) Creatinine 4) Albumin Which of the following diets contain the most sodium? 1) Roast beef sandwich with mustard and an apple 2) Turkey sandwich with mashed potatoes 3) Bologna sandwich with pickles and potato chips 4) Veggie wrap with pears Which of the following meals is highest in calcium? 1) Salmon sandwich with spinach and a glass of milk. 2) Fried egg sandwich with nuts. 3) Taco with tomatoes 4) Ham sandwich with pickles . A patient has been admitted with a potassium of 5.8 mEq/L; the nurse anticipates which of the following action? 1) Administration of glucose IV and insulin sub-q. 2) Administration of glucose / insulin / diuretics IV. 3) Administration of IV potassium diluted in normal saline. 4) Administration of synthetic aldosterone. When evaluating the effectiveness of IV fluid re-hydration for severe dehydration, which of the following is the best indicator? 1) Weight gain 2) Skin turgor 3) Increased urinary output 4) Increased temperature The major cation regulating extracellular osmolality is: 1) Sodium 2) Potassium 3) Chloride 4) Magnesium An example of an isotonic solution is: 1) D5 1/2 Normal Saline 2) D5 Lactated Ringers 3) 1/2 Normal Saline 4) Normal Saline A 15-year-old girl, the unrestrained passenger, in the front seat of a pickup truck was thrown from the vehicle when it hit a guard rail. She is admitted to the ER where she is evaluated by the ER physician. STAT lab work has been ordered and a student nurse asks why the doctor wants to have electrolytes done, "She's so young, and besides what abnormal labs could she have this early?" The best response would be: 1) "It is very possible that she will have an elevated potassium." 2) "We don't need to worry about what it will show; we'll just get it done." 3) "It is likely she will have an increased calcium due to her broken wrist." 4) "Electrolyte studies will indicate whether or not she had been drinking." During the administration of IV fluids, which of the following findings should prompt further action? 1) Increased urinary output. 2) Crackles heard during pulmonary assessment. 3) Lack of thirst. 4) Abdominal cramping. For the patient in hemorrhagic (hypovolemic) shock, the most important nursing action is to: 1) Administer replacement electrolytes orally or by IV. 2) Administer adequate fluid / blood volume IV. 3) Place the patient on cardiac monitor to observe for signs of electrolyte abnormalities. 4) Monitor urinary output as a measure of fluid status. The IV fluid should be used to prime tubing for administration of blood is: 1) D5 1/2 NS 2) D5 LR 3) 1/2 NS 4) NS A patient is being discharged following an acute myocardial infarction and subsequent heart failure. His discharge medications include: Lasix 40 mg daily, Lanoxin 0.25 mg daily, and the ACE inhibitor, Capoten (captopril) 50 mg TID. Prior to sending him home, the nurse should call the physician regarding: 1) The time of day the medications are to be taken. 2) The lack of a potassium supplement order. 3) The lack of fluid restriction order. 4) The lack of chloride and magnesium supplement orders. Which of the following laboratory results places the patient at greatest risk for dysrhythmias? 1) Na+ 148 mEq/L 2) Ca++ 8.9 mg/dL 3) K+ 6.6 mEq/L 4) Na+ 133 mEq/L A patient developed a bowel obstruction after surgery and a nasogastric tube was inserted. The most common electrolyte imbalances secondary to gastric suctioning is what? 1) Hyponatremia / hypokalemia 2) Hyponatremia / hyperkalemia 3) Hypernatremia / hypocalcemia 4) Hypernatremia / hypokalemia Which of the following statements about IV fluid replacement therapy for an infant with dehydration is true? 1) The infusion rate may be higher during the first 1-3 hours 2) The 1st half of the 24 hour total will be infused over 10 hours. 3) The infant is NPO for the first 48 hours. 4) Undiluted juices and cola may be given during IV replacement therapy. Two-thirds of total body fluid is located in which compartment? 1) Interstitial 2) Intracellular 3) Intravascular 4) Extracellular The preferred route for potassium replacement is: 1) IV push 2) IV Piggyback 3) Oral 4) Continuous drip An elderly patient has been ill with fever, muscle cramps, nausea and vomiting. His daughter calls the physician's office and asks what she should do. The nurse knows that these symptoms mostly likely represent what? 1) Hypovolemia 2) Hypocalcemia 3) Hypophosphatemia 4) Hypoaldosteronism
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