Gbuconeogensis Liver Glucose
When the body lack of glucose in the blood or in the brain. So the body tends to
0111111
Glut 2 i
generate glucose through different molecules, mainly in the liver and kidneys—for Glut 3 i
instance, pyruvate, lactic acid that comes from muscles, Glycerol, and amino acids.
To
Let's begin with pyruvate and lactic acid. The glycolysis pathway has three key
enzymes that catalyse irreversible reactions. So, to convert pyruvate or Lactic ÉÉÉse irreversible
acid, we have to do some reactions that jump over the irreversible reactions.
go GGP
7
t
Firstly, let's start with pyruvate and lactic acid. Lactic acid can convert into
pyruvate after entering the cell. Then, the pyruvate molecule goes into the E F lipase
FGP et
I
mitochondria matrix like the Krebs cycle. But instead of converting to Acetyl CoA, it's
catalysed by another enzyme and converted into OAA. This enzyme is (Pyruvate G y it
Carboxylase= name come from adding Carbon). After that, OAA can convert to J F1GBP80 e
malate by the reverse reaction. Malate can go out of the mitochondria. So, after it I
gets out, it turns into OAA again by the same enzyme. Then, OAA converts to the
molecule above the pyruvate (the irreversible reaction), which is a PEP, catalysed by
PhosphoEnolPyruvate CarboxyKinase (PEPCK); this enzyme is putting Pi and removing
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one Carbon (CO2). However, PEP can go back reverse step by step until it converts
into Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Finally, it stops at F-1,6BP because of the irreversible
reaction above this molecule. t or
s lipolysis
Secondly, after we get F-1,6BP, we'll use an enzyme called Fructose-1,6-
IIacin
Bisphosphatase. This enzyme will trigger the opposite reaction by cutting off one Pi
and turning the molecule into F6P. Then, F6P go to G6P by the reversible reaction. gtri.EE
I 009PG
Finally, G6P could not go out of the cell using the same transporter (e.g. Glut-2 or I glycerol it 2PG
Glut-3). So, at first, it will go to sER by T1 transporter. And there's an enzyme that
will get rid of the phosphate (Glucose-6-Phosphatase). Then, the new product
(Glucose) will go out by another transporter (T2) and then out of the cell by the É
gI
same transporter used to get in.
_____________________________ pe te
Now, we'll discuss about the Glycerol. Glycerol comes from the Triglycerides molecule.
I
Triglycerides will be broken into two molecules by a process called Lipolysis. The Malate
molecules are one Glycerol and fatty acids.
Then Glycerol will convert into glycerol-3P by the glycerol kinase enzyme. And then,
Pyru
When the body lack of glucose in the blood or in the brain. So the body tends to
0111111
Glut 2 i
generate glucose through different molecules, mainly in the liver and kidneys—for Glut 3 i
instance, pyruvate, lactic acid that comes from muscles, Glycerol, and amino acids.
To
Let's begin with pyruvate and lactic acid. The glycolysis pathway has three key
enzymes that catalyse irreversible reactions. So, to convert pyruvate or Lactic ÉÉÉse irreversible
acid, we have to do some reactions that jump over the irreversible reactions.
go GGP
7
t
Firstly, let's start with pyruvate and lactic acid. Lactic acid can convert into
pyruvate after entering the cell. Then, the pyruvate molecule goes into the E F lipase
FGP et
I
mitochondria matrix like the Krebs cycle. But instead of converting to Acetyl CoA, it's
catalysed by another enzyme and converted into OAA. This enzyme is (Pyruvate G y it
Carboxylase= name come from adding Carbon). After that, OAA can convert to J F1GBP80 e
malate by the reverse reaction. Malate can go out of the mitochondria. So, after it I
gets out, it turns into OAA again by the same enzyme. Then, OAA converts to the
molecule above the pyruvate (the irreversible reaction), which is a PEP, catalysed by
PhosphoEnolPyruvate CarboxyKinase (PEPCK); this enzyme is putting Pi and removing
I
s
my.gg y a
a
woo
g
one Carbon (CO2). However, PEP can go back reverse step by step until it converts
into Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Finally, it stops at F-1,6BP because of the irreversible
reaction above this molecule. t or
s lipolysis
Secondly, after we get F-1,6BP, we'll use an enzyme called Fructose-1,6-
IIacin
Bisphosphatase. This enzyme will trigger the opposite reaction by cutting off one Pi
and turning the molecule into F6P. Then, F6P go to G6P by the reversible reaction. gtri.EE
I 009PG
Finally, G6P could not go out of the cell using the same transporter (e.g. Glut-2 or I glycerol it 2PG
Glut-3). So, at first, it will go to sER by T1 transporter. And there's an enzyme that
will get rid of the phosphate (Glucose-6-Phosphatase). Then, the new product
(Glucose) will go out by another transporter (T2) and then out of the cell by the É
gI
same transporter used to get in.
_____________________________ pe te
Now, we'll discuss about the Glycerol. Glycerol comes from the Triglycerides molecule.
I
Triglycerides will be broken into two molecules by a process called Lipolysis. The Malate
molecules are one Glycerol and fatty acids.
Then Glycerol will convert into glycerol-3P by the glycerol kinase enzyme. And then,
Pyru
