DAVIS ADVANTAGE FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2ND EDITION CAPRIOTTI TEST BANK

The nurse is analyzing an arterial blood gas report of a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory acidosis. Which compensation mechanism is likely to occur? 1. The kidneys will retain bicarbonate. 2. The kidneys will excrete bicarbonate. 3. The lungs will retain carbon dioxide. 4. The lungs will excrete carbon dioxide. 2. The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with renal failure. Which mechanism of compensation for the acid–base disturbance does the nurse recognize in the client? 1. The client retains carbon dioxide in excess. 2. The client’s oxygen saturation level improves. 3. The client’s blood pH decreases from the present value. 4. The client breathes rapidly to eliminate carbon dioxide. 3. A nurse is caring for a client who is anxious and dizzy after a traumatic experience. The arterial blood gas findings include a pH level of 7.48, partial pressure of oxygen at 110, partial pressure of carbon dioxide at 25, and bicarbonate at 2D. Which initial intervention does the nurse implement? 1. Administer antidepressants 2. Administer oxygen thro 3. Encourage the client to breathe into a paper bag 4. Administer sodium bicarbonate intravenously 4. An unconscious client is brought to the hospital. The client’s arterial blood gases show a pH greater than 7.45 and a bicarbonate level of 36 mEq/L. Which acid–base imbalance has the client developed? 1. Metabolic acidosis 2. Metabolic alkalosis 3. Respiratory acidosis 4. Respiratory alkalosis 5. An older adult client is exhibiting lethargy, confusion, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths per minute. The nurse sees that the last dose of medication administered through a client-controlled analgesic pump was within the last 30 minutes. Which acid–base disorder might the client have developed? 1. Metabolic acidosis 2. Metabolic alkalosis 3. Respiratory acidosis 4. Respiratory alkalosis 6. Which factor does hyperventilation of the lungs increase? 1. Blood pH 2. Acid in the blood 3. Carbon dioxide in the blood 4. Carbonic acid in the blood 7. The nurse is providing care for a client with an undiagnosed illness. Calculations of the anion gap indicate an elevation, and the client is identified as being positive for metabolic acidosis. Which question does the nurse ask the client? 1. “Do you have a history of cardiac problems?” 2. “Have you noticed any respiratory distress?” 3. “Are you taking regular doses of aspirin?” 4. “Do you medicate for any stomach issues?” 8. The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client, which are blood pH 7.36, PCO2 48 mm Hg, PO2 96 mm Hg, HCO3 24 mEq/L, and SaO2 98% on room air. Which condition does the nurse recognize based on the displayed values? 1. Hypoxia 2. Respiratory acidosis 3. Hypercapnia 4. Metabolic alkalosis 9. Which is an acidic pH of blood? 1. 6.00 2. 7.40 3. 8.00 4. 8.35 10. Which condition develops due to metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap? 1. Ketoacidosis 2. Hypoaldosteronism 3. Hyperalimentation 4. Increased renal HCO3– loss