DCF Childcare Training Courses 1-5 Exam Latest Updated Graded A+

What is a theory? - ANSWER A set of facts or principles analyzed in relation to one another and used to explain phenomena (a fact or behavior that can be observed) How do you create a positive environment for children in your care? - ANSWER *Ensure learning centers have ample space for movement. *Reduce the number of transitions throughout the day. *Ensure the environment feels safe for the child. *Provide activities that are slightly challenging to the child. *Provide activities to increase development without causing frustration. Abraham Maslow developed what? - ANSWER The hierarchy of human needs How many levels does Maslow's hierarchy have? - ANSWER Five What are the 5 levels of Maslows hierarchy? - ANSWER Level 1-Physical Level 2-Comfort and Saftey Level 3- Social Level 4-Self-esteem Level 5-Self-Actualizing What are examples of a Physical need? - ANSWER *Air to breathe *Shelter to protect *Water to drink *Food to eat *Clothes to wear *Health care What are examples of Comfort and Saftey? - ANSWER *Safety *Security *Stability *Transportation *Safe relationships *Child care What are some examples of Self-Esteem? - ANSWER *Adequacy *Confidence *Importance *Sense of efficiency,capability,resilency,hopefulness *Ability to cope and problem solve What are some examples of Self-Actualizing? - ANSWER *Fulfill one's life purpose and meaning *Being all that one is able to be *Spirituality *Personal emotional response *Refinement of interpersonal skills What does the heirarchy of needs mean to you as a child care professional? - ANSWER *Basic needs must be met first,when not met,the child's self worth suffers. *Neglect can occur at all levels,not just basic needs.All needs are important. *Child care professionals need to be aware of the family circumstances to understand what needs are beig met at home. What are some hints that will help you remember Maslows's theory? - ANSWER *If you close the "M" at the bottom, it will form triangles or pyramids. *Maslow studies human needs. *What motivates children to act the way they do? Needs being met. Do the lower levels of needs have to be met before higher needs can be accomplished? - ANSWER Yes Successfully meeting the needs at each level results in what? - ANSWER Fulfilling one's life with purpose and meaning. Erik Erikson developed what? - ANSWER He developed eight pyschosocial stages through which humans develop throughout their entire lifetime. It is called the Eight Conflicts in Emotional Development. How is Erik Erikson recognized? - ANSWER As a development pyschologist who can be compared to Sigmund Freud because of his theory that humans develop in stages. What are each of Erikson's stages called? - ANSWER Conflicts Moving successfully through each of Erikson's stages results in what? - ANSWER A strong social and emotional life. What is the first conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented at? - ANSWER Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 1 year) What is the second conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented? - ANSWER Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 years) What is the third conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented? - ANSWER Initiative vs. Guilt (4 to 5 years) What is the fourth conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented? - ANSWER Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 12 years) Why don't we study Erikson's Conflicts 5-8? - ANSWER They are important in the study of human development,but they are less significant in child development,because Erikson believes that they occur after the age of 12. What is the meaning of Trust vs. Conflict - ANSWER *Trust is developed over time by providing an infant with a consistent,comforting environment. *When needs are met,trust is established. *Trust builds a emotional foundation. *A lack of trust can result in proor emotional stability. What is the meaning of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt? - ANSWER *Toddlers need to explore their own bodies and environment in order to become confident about themselves. *When autonomy is allowed a person can become comfortable with his/her choices. *A lack of autonomy can result in a feeling of shame or insecurity. What is the meaning of Initiative vs. Guilt? - ANSWER *When initiative is encourged,a person experiments within one's environment. *4 or 5 year olds begin to develop an interest in exploring beyond themselves. *Children who can't explore will be prone to guilt for their actions. *A lack of industry can result in a feeling of low self worth. What does Erikson's theory mean to a child care professional? - ANSWER It means they can: *Create relationships with children based on trust. *Allow children to exercise autonomy whenever safe and practical. *Guide children to initiate activity or portions of activities whenever safe and practical. *Promote the building of your children's creativity during activities. What are some hints to help you remember Erikson's theory? - ANSWER *E. Erikson contains 8 letters---8 stages *E.E.= two "E's" playing together---social behaviors *Focus on emotional and personality development. *Major conflict at each stage and how they are dealt with affect development. How can you resolve conflicts and create a resilient social and emotional life? - ANSWER By encouraging trust, autonomy, initiative, and industry. What is Jean Piaget's theory called? - ANSWER The Four Stages of Cognitive Development What is Jean Piaget most known for? - ANSWER His work on the psychology of intelligence. What was Jean Piaget interested in? - ANSWER Learning how children develop an intellectual understanding of the world. What was Jean Piaget's theory based on? - ANSWER The concept of cognitive structures. These structures are patterns of physical or mental action that underlie acts of intelligence and correspond to stages of child development. What does Piaget assume about humans? - ANSWER They take the information that they recieve and process it,then react to it. According to Piaget,children develop the ability to learn in how many basic stages? - ANSWER 4 In each of Jean Piaget's stages what does development focus on? - ANSWER Acquiring a diffrent set of related characteristics and abilities. What are the Four Stages of Cognitive Development? - ANSWER 1- Sensorimotor (0-2 years) 2- Preoperational (2-7 years) 3-Concrete-operational (7-11 years) 4-Formal Operations (11+ years) What are the signs of sensorimotor? - ANSWER *Explore their world through senses and motor skills. *Understand the world by physically manipulating objects. *Trial and error problem solving *Object permanence child does not know that physical objects remain in existence when out of sight. What are signs of preoperational? - ANSWER *Preschoolers and early school-age children learn about their world through their actions. *Uses symbols to mentally represent objects. *Increase development of language and concepts. *Reasoning may be illogical and not sequential. *Egocentric thought processes What are signs of concrete-operational? - ANSWER *Older school-age children learn about their world by applying logic. *Deal with changes and process *Are able to make relationships about why things happen. *Understand how things relate to one another What are signs of formal operations? - ANSWER *Early high-school schildren learn about their world through constructing and solving problems. *Begin to think about thinking *Think in abstract terms *Make educated guesses How does knowledge of Jean Piaget's four stages help you the child care provider? - ANSWER The stages help you understand how babies and children may percieve their envirnment. When you plan developmentally appropriate learning activities what is important to keep in mind? - ANSWER A child's stage of cognitive development What does Piaget's theory help you understand? - ANSWER Why children make thinking "mistakes" What are two primary instructional techniques that are based on Piaget's theory? - ANSWER Discovery learning and supporting the developing interests of children. Children should be exposed to a wide variety of concrete experiences such as? - ANSWER *Use of manipulative field trips and working in groups to help them learn What did Lev Vygotsky develop? - ANSWER He developed the social development theory of learning What did Lev Vygotsky theorize? - ANSWER That social and cultural interaction are the primary sources of learning and behavior. What were some of Vygotsky's major theory ideas? - ANSWER *Children acquire knowledge through culture. *Children learn through problem solving experiences shared with a knowledgeable abult or peer. *A child can perform a task under adult guidance or with peer collaboartion that could not be achieved alone. Vygotsky called this the zone of proximal and claimed that learning occured in this zone. What is scaffolding? - ANSWER An instrumental technique where a person interacting with the child assumes more responsibility for guiding the learning. As the child learns,the responsibility is gradually transferred to him. How can child care professionals use the information from vygotsky's theory? - ANSWER *Give them things within in their range of ability *Pair children up Where must Learning environments be developed? - ANSWER Where children play an active role in their own education as well as the educatiom of their peers. The adult collaborates with children in order to create meaing in ways that childrencan make their own. What does the culture that surrounds children and their social interaction lead to? - ANSWER Continous step-by-step changes in their learning and behavior. What factors influence child's growth and development? - ANSWER ...This course will teach you the basic principals of child growth and development. What are the developmental domains? - ANSWER ...you will learn how these principles affect children's learning. Define Growth - ANSWER A is specific body changes and increases in the child's size,such as height,weight,head circumference and body mass index. Define Development - ANSWER An increase in complexity,a change from relatively simple to more complicated.Usually involves a progression along a continous pathway on which the child acquires more refined knowledge,behaviors, and skills. body - ANSWER We define growth as specific ____ changes and increases in the child's size. During the first year of an infants life,babies grow how much in length and weight? - ANSWER They can grow_10__inches in length and triple their birth weight. After the first year a baby's growth slows down to how many inches a year? - ANSWER They grow _5_ inches a year for the next 2 years and continues from age 2 or 3 to puberty at a rate of two to three inches each year. When do girls enter puberty? - ANSWER Between _8_ to _13_ years of age When do boys usually enter puberty? - ANSWER _10_ to _15_ years of age How does growth proceed? - ANSWER From the head downward and from the center of the body outward. Children gain control of what first followed by their arms and legs - ANSWER Head and neck At birth what three part's of the body are fully functioning inorder to support the infant? - ANSWER The brain,heart,and spinal cord As children grow which two muscles must develop first before the finger and toe muscles do? - ANSWER The arm and leg muscles Do children differ in growth? - ANSWER Yes, some children are taller,some shorter. Some children are smaller,while others are larger. How is normal growth supported? - ANSWER By good nutrition,adequate sleep,and regular exercise. Do children grow at a steady rate throughout their childhood? - ANSWER No Children will experience weeks or months of slightly slower growth followed by what? - ANSWER Growth spurts How can you help children understand their differences in growth? - ANSWER Show pictures of various stages of growth and showing them what's alike. If you detect that a child is self-conscious about her size,how would you help her work on increasing her self acceptance? - ANSWER Show them that being diffrent is what makes us unique and special. If you have some concern about a growth-related issue about a child,how would you approach this issue with parents? - ANSWER First build relationship with parent,then share typical growth information with them. Is the developmental sequence the same for all children? - ANSWER Yes,but the rate varies What are some examples of Principle 1-Developmental sequence is similiar for all? - ANSWER *Children develop in relatively the same ways. *They can move forward,regressfor a short time,then move forward again. *Some children may skip a behavior or skill as they move forward. *While the sequence is similar and the behaviors or skills emerge in the same order children can take more or less time each behavior or skill. What are examples of Principle 2-Developmental proceeds from General to Specific. - ANSWER *Development progresses from a beginning point moving in a forward direction. *Development of behaviors and skills moves from general to specific. *As children mature their bodily changes occur in a sequential order and give children new abilities. *As the brain and nervous system develops,a child's thinking cognitive skills and motor physical skills improve. *In motor development,an infant's large muscles develop first and result in the ability to wave the arms and kick the legs. *Development continues in the smaller muscles in the fingers and toes and results in the abilityof the fingers to grasp objects and the toes to help with balance when standing and walking. What are examples of Principle 3-Development is continous - ANSWER *In children who develop normally,behaviors and skills they have already acquired become the basis for new behaviors and skills. *There is continuity from one phase of development to the next. *Children continue to add new behaviors and skills as they perfect their ability to walk,to write or draw and to speak. *In order for children to write or draw,they must have developed the control of their hands and fingers to hold a crayon and pencil.Holding a pencil develops into writing and drawing. *The continuation of development can easily be seen in children as they mature from age 2 to age 12. What are examples of Principle 4-Development Proceeds at diffrent rates - ANSWER *Each child is diffrent,and the rates at which individual children develop are diffrent. *Although the sequences for development are usually the same for all children,the rates at which individual children reach each stage will be diffrent. *Some children will walk at ten months while others walk at eighteen months of age. *Development is never