DIFFERENT CLASSES OF ANTIBIOTICS -
Key: COMMONLY ACT AS BACTERIOSTATIC AGENTS, RESTRICTING GROWTH & REPRODUCTION COMMONLY ACT AS BACTERIC
ß-LACTAMS AMINOGLYCOSIDES chloramphenicol glycopeptides an
MOST WIDELY USED ANTIBIOTICS FAMILY OF OVER 20 ANTIBIOTICS COMMONLY USED IN LOW INCOME COMMON ‘DRUGS OF LAST RESORT’ CAN A
IN THE NHS COUNTRIES OH AN
O
NH2
R O OH
O
H HO
HO O HO OH
N+
HO O
O NH2 OH H3CO
S O O- HO
O HO O O N
O
O
O
O
Cl
O
N NH2 Cl HO OH
HO HN N OH N Cl
O
O O O
H O
H
N
H
N
OH H2N NH2 Cl OH O
NH
N
H
O
N
H
H2N O
N
H
HN
O
HO
O
All contain a beta-lactam ring All contain aminosugar substructures Distinct individual compound All contain a
a
HO OH OH
EXAMPLES EXAMPLES MODE OF ACTION Consist of carbohydrate linked to a
Penicillins (shown) such as Streptomycin (shown), neomycin, Inhibit synthesis of proteins, peptide formed of amino acids Geldanam
amoxicillin and flucloxacillin; kanamycin, paromomycin. preventing growth. EXAMPLES
Cephalosporins such as cefalexin. Vancomycin (shown), teicoplanin.
MODE OF ACTION No longer a first line drug in any M
MODE OF ACTION Inhibit the synthesis of proteins by developed nation due to increased MODE OF ACTION Inhibit t
Inhibit bacteria cell wall biosynthesis. bacteria, leading to cell death. resistance and worries about safety. Inhibit bacteria cell wall biosynthesis. bacteria
DISCOVERY 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970
sulfonamides tetracyclines macrolides oxazolidinones q
FIRST COMMERCIAL ANTIBIOTICS BECOMING LESS POPULAR DUE TO SECOND MOST PRESCRIBED POTENT ANTIBIOTICS COMMONLY RESISTA
WERE SULFONAMIDES DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE ANTIBIOTICS IN THE NHS USED AS ‘DRUGS OF LAST RESORT’
O
OH O OH O O O
Key: COMMONLY ACT AS BACTERIOSTATIC AGENTS, RESTRICTING GROWTH & REPRODUCTION COMMONLY ACT AS BACTERIC
ß-LACTAMS AMINOGLYCOSIDES chloramphenicol glycopeptides an
MOST WIDELY USED ANTIBIOTICS FAMILY OF OVER 20 ANTIBIOTICS COMMONLY USED IN LOW INCOME COMMON ‘DRUGS OF LAST RESORT’ CAN A
IN THE NHS COUNTRIES OH AN
O
NH2
R O OH
O
H HO
HO O HO OH
N+
HO O
O NH2 OH H3CO
S O O- HO
O HO O O N
O
O
O
O
Cl
O
N NH2 Cl HO OH
HO HN N OH N Cl
O
O O O
H O
H
N
H
N
OH H2N NH2 Cl OH O
NH
N
H
O
N
H
H2N O
N
H
HN
O
HO
O
All contain a beta-lactam ring All contain aminosugar substructures Distinct individual compound All contain a
a
HO OH OH
EXAMPLES EXAMPLES MODE OF ACTION Consist of carbohydrate linked to a
Penicillins (shown) such as Streptomycin (shown), neomycin, Inhibit synthesis of proteins, peptide formed of amino acids Geldanam
amoxicillin and flucloxacillin; kanamycin, paromomycin. preventing growth. EXAMPLES
Cephalosporins such as cefalexin. Vancomycin (shown), teicoplanin.
MODE OF ACTION No longer a first line drug in any M
MODE OF ACTION Inhibit the synthesis of proteins by developed nation due to increased MODE OF ACTION Inhibit t
Inhibit bacteria cell wall biosynthesis. bacteria, leading to cell death. resistance and worries about safety. Inhibit bacteria cell wall biosynthesis. bacteria
DISCOVERY 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970
sulfonamides tetracyclines macrolides oxazolidinones q
FIRST COMMERCIAL ANTIBIOTICS BECOMING LESS POPULAR DUE TO SECOND MOST PRESCRIBED POTENT ANTIBIOTICS COMMONLY RESISTA
WERE SULFONAMIDES DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE ANTIBIOTICS IN THE NHS USED AS ‘DRUGS OF LAST RESORT’
O
OH O OH O O O
