BIOD 121 - Essentials in Nutrition Module 1 Questions and Answers

What is nutrition:ANSWERS-nutrition by definition is a science that links food to health and disease. It includes the processes that humans ingest, digest, absorb, transport, and excrete substances Nutrition spands all ages in which:ANSWERS-it impacts the time of birth to the time of death How do pharmaceuticals and the food industry play into nutrition:ANSWERS-through the different supplements we take, what we eat and why we eat as far as food safety, mass production, restaurants, manufacturers, media, and food labels Nutrition by definition is the science that links food to:ANSWERS-health and disease Good nutrition as well as exercise leads to:ANSWERS-good health Media plays a huge role into nutrition as far as:ANSWERS-marketing, fad diets, celebrities, etc. Nutrients can be classified as:ANSWERS-macro-nutrient, micro-nutrient, organic, and inorganic Macro-nutrient:ANSWERS-needed in large amounts in the body Micro-nutrients:ANSWERS-needed in small amounts in the body Organic:ANSWERS-a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen Inorganic:ANSWERS-any substance that doesn't contain carbon Mechanical energy:ANSWERS-perform muscular movements What are hormones:ANSWERS-they are compounds that are secreted into the bloodstream by different cells, and their goal is to act to control the function of another type of cell Ghrelin:ANSWERS-is produced by the stomach; its job is to travel to the brain,stimulate the hunger center, and deactivate the satiety center Leptin:ANSWERS-is produced by fat cells called adipose tissue; its job is to alert the brain, turn off the hunger center, and activate the satiety center' any time your eating your leptin levels should increase to tell you that your full Name the key hormone that causes hunger. Indicate where in the body its produced and the process by which it operates:ANSWERS-ghrelin; its produced by the stomach; its job is to travel the brain and stimulate the hunger center and deactivate the satiety center Two key hormones in the process of hunger and satiety are:ANSWERS-ghrelin and leptin Name the key hormone that causes satiety. Indicate where in the body its produced and the process by which it operates:ANSWERS-leptin; its produced by fat cells; its job is to alert the brain, turn off the hunger center, and activate satiety center There are different types of hormones related to hunger and satiety. Three major hormones for increasing hunger are:ANSWERS-ghrelin, endorphines, and neuropeptide Y Anytime your eating, your leptin levels should:ANSWERS-increase to tell you that your full What are the five dimensions to evaluate health:ANSWERS-physical health, intellectual health, emotional health, social health. and spiritual health What is physical health:ANSWERS-the ability for the body to perform daily functions for survival and its dependents on the nutrients that are available for the formation of bones, vitamins, minerals, and to make hormones What is intellectual health:ANSWERS-the cognitive ability to lean and adapt; the lack of certain nutrients can impair our intellectual health What is emotional health:ANSWERS-the ability to express or suppress emotions What is social health:ANSWERS-the ability to interact with others What is spiritual health:ANSWERS-the purpose for human existence and cultural practices The ability for the body to perform daily function for survival is what kind of health:ANSWERS-physical health The cognitive ability to learn and adapt is called what kind of health:ANSWERS-intellectual health The ability to suppress and express emotion is called what kind of health:ANSWERS-emotional health The ability to interact with others is called what kind of health:ANSWERS-social health The purpose of human existence and cultural practices is defined what kind of healthANSWERS-spiritual health What is the difference between food and nutrients:ANSWERS-food provides energy in the form of calories, a mixture of nutrients whereas nutrients are substances found in the foods that provide for the building and maintaining; they are regulators for metabolic processes and reactions Alcohol is a source of energy, however:ANSWERS-it is not consideredan essential nutrient because aside from providing calories it has no other funciton How many kilo-calories does alcohol have:ANSWERS-7 How many kilo-calories do proteins have:ANSWERS-4 How many kilo-calories do fats have:ANSWERS-9 How many kilo-calories do carbohydrates have:ANSWERS-4 The food and nutrition board of the national academy of sciences provides guidelines of what percentage for each nutrient should compromise our diets, what is it for proteins:ANSWERS-10-35% The food and nutrition board of the national academy of sciences provides guidelines of what percentage for each nutrient should compromise our diets, what is it for carbohydrates:ANSWERS-45-65% The food and nutrition board of the national academy of sciences provides guidelines of what percentage for each nutrient should compromise our diets, what is it for fats:ANSWERS-20-35% _________& of the body is made of water:ANSWERS-60 Water soluble vitamins:ANSWERS-meaning they can dissovle in water such as vitamin B and C Fatsoluble vitamins:ANSWERS-meaning they can dissolve in fat such as vitamin A, D, E, and K The body uses the energy released from carbohydrates, protein, fat, and alcohol for various functions such as:ANSWERS-to build compunds, perform muscular movements, promote nerve transmissions, and maitain ion balance within cells Energy is the ability to work, The energy in food is chemical energy, but our body can convert this energy to:ANSWERS-electrical, mechnical, or heat enrgy. All body functions and actions require energy Why do we make the choices that we do regarding habits:ANSWERS-routines are tied down to our food choices; what you eat likely reflects eating habits learned from parents Nutrients in the food are vital to our wellbeing. they are used by our bodies to:ANSWERS-promote grwoth and development, for maintenance if tissue, cells and bone, for fuek to do metabolic work and for regukating body processes By definition nutrients are:ANSWERS-a mixture of chemicals in food that the body use to obtain energy, synthesixe tissue, or regulate function In order to prmote a healthy lifestyle, it is important to eat a variety of foodsdaily to meet our nutrient needs. Nutrition is a lifestyle factor that is key to developing and maintaing:ANSWERS-optimal health We must get nutrients through as our body:ANSWERS-cannot make the nutrients or cannot make enough of nutrients to sustain a healthy life There are _______ essential nutrients needed for _______, _______, and ________.ANSWERS-45; human growth, development, and maintenance If a nutrient is missing from the iet for a period of time:ANSWERS-a defiency can occur which can have a negative impact on our health How many classes of nutrients are there:ANSWERS-6 classes What are the 6 classes of nutrients:ANSWERS-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water There are 6 classes of nutrients. What are there general functions:ANSWERS-to provide energy/calories, regulate bdy processes, and contribute to cell and body structure, growth, and mantenance Concepts to a healthy diet:ANSWERS-variety, moderation, and balance Deit is refferring to:ANSWERS-a style of eating that will meet your nutritional needs and be something that you practice for the rest of your life Essential in terms of nutrients means we have to get it from:ANSWERS-our deit and that our body can't manufacture it Essential nutrients statisfy three criteria:ANSWERS-1. has a specific biological function 2. lack of that nutrient is going to lead to a decline or function 3. if you replace the deficient nutrient were permanent damage occurs it will restore normal function