PT 506 Midterm 1 Questions And Answers 2022

1 TAG ATP yield - ANSWER-4,600 1 Fatty acid yields what number of ATP molecules - ANSWER-147 ATP 1 Fat molecule oxidized yields what number of ATP molecules - ANSWER-460 ish Trigger of lipolysis - ANSWER-Hormone Sensitive Lipase The Big '4' of exercise - ANSWER-Differences (b/w professionals) Independence (specificity principle) Continuum Transience Efficiency of Oxidative Phosphorylation - ANSWER-34% 1 ATP yields how many kilocalories - ANSWER-7.6 Glycolysis Points of Control (need to know only) - ANSWER-1. Glucose enters cell (hexokinase and ATP) 2. Fructose 6 Phosphate into Fructose 1,6 Diphosphate + 1 ATP (last time ATP is used) 3. Storing glucose as glycogen Body Fat Measurement Techniques (need to know) - ANSWER-1. Body Calipers (cumbersome) 2. Underwater Weighing (another gold) 3. Bod Pod (gold standard) 4. Bioelectrical Impedance (affordable) 5. Body Fat Chart (inaccurate yet quick) In terms of Exercise States, Oxidation is to ___ as Reduction is to ____ - ANSWERRecovery, Exercise Fast glycolysis synonym - ANSWER-anaerobic glycolysis Percentage of ATP from fast glycolysis - ANSWER-5% Lipid mobilization and catabolism process - ANSWER-1. HSL triggers lipolysis 2. Fatty acid carried by albumin 3. Fatty acid prepares to enter skeletal muscle 4. Prep FA for metabolism 5. Muscle metabolizes FA 6. FA becomes Acetyl-CoA [irreversible process] 7. This goes through Coupled Oxidation (CAC + ETC) What makes up 95% of adipocytes? - ANSWER-Triaglycerol Why does the Atkin's Diet work? - ANSWER-There is just enough carbohydrate intermediaries from the fat metabolization to sustain the energy process. Lactate Threshold - ANSWER-The point during exercise of increasing intensity at which blood lactate begins to accumulate above resting levels, where lactate clearance is no longer able to keep up with lactate production. Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA) - ANSWER-The point where there is a dramatic rise in blood lactate levels causing the onset of fatigue (4 mM) EPOC functions - ANSWER-General restoration of bodily functions and systems (resynth ATP and PCr; oxidize lactate; use lactate in Cori cycle; restore oxygen in blood and myoglobin; restore thermogenic effects and hormones) Oxygen Debt Equation - ANSWER-Total VO2 recovery- VO2 Total Motor Unit Classifications - ANSWER-1. Twitch 2. Tense 3. Fatigue Motor Neuron Pool - ANSWER-collection of alpha motor neurons that innervates a single muscle Enhanced Facilitation - ANSWER-allows for rapid strength increase in early training stages ATP role in muscle contraction - ANSWER-1. It replaces ADP, causing the detachment of myosin from actin and relaxation of the sarcomere 2. When it is broken down into ATP, it energizes myosin to pull actin toward the midline, causing a power stroke Myofibril types - ANSWER-1. Fusiform 2. Pennate (Uni/Bi/Multi) Tendon Layers (Superficial to deep) - ANSWER-Paratendon Fasicle/Membrane Fibril Subfibril Microfibril Tropocollagen Force of a muscle moves along what axis? - ANSWER-Longitudinal Muscle is composed of 75% - ANSWER-Water Insulin Resistance leads to - ANSWER-Increase in: TNF-alpha & IRS-1-SerinePhosphate (and fat obviously) Decrease in: PI3K and GLUT-4 transmission Acute inflammation theory - ANSWER-increase pain sensitivity and intramuscular pressure Armstrong Model - ANSWER-Degraded Sarcolemma leads to increased edema and temperature Actin molecules correspond to what protein molecules in the sarcomere? - ANSWER-Z Disc and I Band Myosin molecules correspond to what protein molecule in the sarcomere? - ANSWER-A band What zone decreases in the sarcomere? - ANSWER-H Zone