QUESTION: IN REPORT FORMAT: “Assess the 21st century historical
developments that have had a great impact on the development of tourism and
hospitality industry and identify why this industry is important to economies”.
Module : INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM & HOSPITALITY
MANAGEMENT
1
, The terms tourism and travel are sometimes used interchangeably. In this context, travel has a
similar definition to tourism, but implies a more purposeful journey. The
terms tourism and tourist are sometimes used pejoratively, to imply a shallow interest in the
cultures or locations visited by tourists.
Sustainable tourism
"Sustainable tourism is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that
economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity,
essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems."
Sustainable development implies "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Sustainable tourism can be seen as having
regard to ecological and socio-cultural carrying capacities and includes involving the community
of the destination in tourism development planning. It also involves integrating tourism to match
current economic and growth policies so as to mitigate some of the negative economic and social
impacts of 'mass tourism'.
Ecotourism
Ecotourism, also known as ecological tourism, is responsible travel to fragile, pristine, and
usually protected areas that strives to be low impact and (often) small scale. It helps educate the
traveler; provides funds for conservation; directly benefits the economic development and
political empowerment of local communities; and fosters respect for different cultures and for
human rights.
Pro-poor tourism
Pro-poor tourism, which seeks to help the poorest people in developing countries, has been
receiving increasing attention by those involved in development; the issue has been addressed
through small-scale projects in local communities and through attempts by Ministries of Tourism
to attract large numbers of tourists. Research by the Overseas Development Institute suggests
that neither is the best way to encourage tourists' money to reach the poorest as only 25% or less
(far less in some cases) ever reaches the poor; successful examples of money reaching the poor
include mountain-climbing in Tanzania and cultural tourism in Luang Prabang, Laos.
Recession tourism
Recession tourism is a travel trend, which evolved by way of the world economic crisis.
Identified by American entrepreneur Matt Landau (2007), recession tourism is defined by low-
cost, high-value experiences taking place of once-popular generic retreats. Various recession
tourism hotspots have seen business boom during the recession thanks to comparatively low
2
developments that have had a great impact on the development of tourism and
hospitality industry and identify why this industry is important to economies”.
Module : INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM & HOSPITALITY
MANAGEMENT
1
, The terms tourism and travel are sometimes used interchangeably. In this context, travel has a
similar definition to tourism, but implies a more purposeful journey. The
terms tourism and tourist are sometimes used pejoratively, to imply a shallow interest in the
cultures or locations visited by tourists.
Sustainable tourism
"Sustainable tourism is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that
economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity,
essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems."
Sustainable development implies "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Sustainable tourism can be seen as having
regard to ecological and socio-cultural carrying capacities and includes involving the community
of the destination in tourism development planning. It also involves integrating tourism to match
current economic and growth policies so as to mitigate some of the negative economic and social
impacts of 'mass tourism'.
Ecotourism
Ecotourism, also known as ecological tourism, is responsible travel to fragile, pristine, and
usually protected areas that strives to be low impact and (often) small scale. It helps educate the
traveler; provides funds for conservation; directly benefits the economic development and
political empowerment of local communities; and fosters respect for different cultures and for
human rights.
Pro-poor tourism
Pro-poor tourism, which seeks to help the poorest people in developing countries, has been
receiving increasing attention by those involved in development; the issue has been addressed
through small-scale projects in local communities and through attempts by Ministries of Tourism
to attract large numbers of tourists. Research by the Overseas Development Institute suggests
that neither is the best way to encourage tourists' money to reach the poorest as only 25% or less
(far less in some cases) ever reaches the poor; successful examples of money reaching the poor
include mountain-climbing in Tanzania and cultural tourism in Luang Prabang, Laos.
Recession tourism
Recession tourism is a travel trend, which evolved by way of the world economic crisis.
Identified by American entrepreneur Matt Landau (2007), recession tourism is defined by low-
cost, high-value experiences taking place of once-popular generic retreats. Various recession
tourism hotspots have seen business boom during the recession thanks to comparatively low
2
