Onderzoekspracticum 2
Samenvatting colleges
,Inhoudsopgave
Basisinformatie cursus ............................................................................................................................... 4
College 1: toetsen en oneway designs .................................................................................................... 4
Soorten onderzoek ........................................................................................................................................ 4
One-sample t-toets ........................................................................................................................................ 6
College 2: t-toetsen.................................................................................................................................... 10
Gepaarde t-toets .......................................................................................................................................... 12
Independent (samples) t-test .................................................................................................................... 16
College 3: oneway anova .......................................................................................................................... 18
Pooled sample variance ............................................................................................................................ 21
College 4: anova: meervoudige vergelijkingen .................................................................................... 25
Kanskapitalisatie ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Omnibus toets .............................................................................................................................................. 26
Multiple vergelijkingen ............................................................................................................................... 27
Standaardfout ............................................................................................................................................... 28
LSD Methode ................................................................................................................................................ 29
Bonferroni Methode .................................................................................................................................... 30
College 5: kritisch denken ........................................................................................................................ 35
Moraal van het p-verhaal: .......................................................................................................................... 38
Alle 6 kritische punten op een rij ............................................................................................................. 40
College 6: niet-parametische toetsen ..................................................................................................... 40
Wilcoxon Ranksum test ............................................................................................................................. 44
Wilcoxon Signed Rank test ....................................................................................................................... 45
Kruskall-Wallis Test .................................................................................................................................... 46
College 7: factorial designs ..................................................................................................................... 48
Oneway .......................................................................................................................................................... 49
Twoway experiment .................................................................................................................................... 49
Marginal means ............................................................................................................................................ 51
Hoofdeffecten ............................................................................................................................................... 51
“Simpele” effecten: ..................................................................................................................................... 51
Interactie-effecten ....................................................................................................................................... 52
College 8: tweeweg anova ........................................................................................................................ 55
Mean of Squares .......................................................................................................................................... 56
Sum of squares & vrijheidsgraden ......................................................................................................... 56
Sum of squares error.................................................................................................................................. 58
,College 9: quasi experimentele designs ................................................................................................ 64
Validiteit, twee soorten: ............................................................................................................................. 64
Quasi-experimental ..................................................................................................................................... 65
Causaliteit, 3 eigenschappen: .................................................................................................................. 65
Nonequivalent groups posttest-only ...................................................................................................... 66
Time series .................................................................................................................................................... 68
Time series Simple interrupted ................................................................................................................ 68
Time series Trendline ................................................................................................................................. 69
Comparative time series ............................................................................................................................ 71
Time series in disguise .............................................................................................................................. 72
College 10: enkelvoudige lineaire regressie ......................................................................................... 73
Correlatie ....................................................................................................................................................... 74
Regressie ....................................................................................................................................................... 75
College 11: meervoudige lineaire regressie .......................................................................................... 80
Bivariate relaties .......................................................................................................................................... 80
Multivariate relaties ..................................................................................................................................... 81
Enkelvoudige regressie: vergelijking ..................................................................................................... 81
Meervoudige regressie: vergelijking ...................................................................................................... 81
, Basisinformatie cursus
Hoe zit een week eruit?
Maandag: thops en college, literatuur
Woensdag: practicum, begin portofolio opdracht (inleveren de week erop)
Vrijdag: end of the week test (10 vragen, 7 goed hebben)
Tentamen 21 december
- Telt 80% mee
- Minimaal een voldoende
- Multiple choice
- Over alle cursusmaterialen
Portofolio opdrachten
- Telt 20% mee
- Minimaal een voldoende
- Er zijn 5 opdrachten
- PO5 is verplicht
- Minimaal 2 (5 en nog een) maken
- Maar allemaal= is hoger cijfer
➢ Voor elke opdracht krijg je punten, 1,5p per opdracht als voldoende
➢ Laatste opdracht 4p, is ook groter
➢ Alles gemaakt? Cijfer: 10
4 poster opdrachten + 1 video
- Video is verplicht + 1 van de andere opdrachten
- Elke poster 1,5p, video 4p
Practicum
- Toepassen kennis en verdiepen theorie
- Werkbladen vooraf op BS
- Niet verplicht, maar wel aangeraden
College 1: toetsen en oneway designs
Leerdoelen
- De gedachte achter statistische toetsen kunnen uitleggen
- T-toets voor 1 gemiddelde uitvoeren
- Kunnen uitleggen wat een oneway design is
- Drie experimentele (basis)designs kunnen uitleggen
- Kunnen uitleggen wat het verschil is tussen subject variabelen en experimentele
variabelen
- Het eerste deel van de toetsboom gebruiken.
Methoden, technieken en statistiek
Methoden: Validiteit van onderzoek: hoe heb je gemeten?
Beschrijvende statistiek: Hoe zit de (gemeten) data eruit?
Inferentiele statistiek: Wat kan ik zeffen over de populatie op basis van een
steekproef?
Soorten onderzoek:
1. Beschrijvend
2. (Cor)relationeel
3. Experimenteel
4. Quasi-experimenteel
Samenvatting colleges
,Inhoudsopgave
Basisinformatie cursus ............................................................................................................................... 4
College 1: toetsen en oneway designs .................................................................................................... 4
Soorten onderzoek ........................................................................................................................................ 4
One-sample t-toets ........................................................................................................................................ 6
College 2: t-toetsen.................................................................................................................................... 10
Gepaarde t-toets .......................................................................................................................................... 12
Independent (samples) t-test .................................................................................................................... 16
College 3: oneway anova .......................................................................................................................... 18
Pooled sample variance ............................................................................................................................ 21
College 4: anova: meervoudige vergelijkingen .................................................................................... 25
Kanskapitalisatie ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Omnibus toets .............................................................................................................................................. 26
Multiple vergelijkingen ............................................................................................................................... 27
Standaardfout ............................................................................................................................................... 28
LSD Methode ................................................................................................................................................ 29
Bonferroni Methode .................................................................................................................................... 30
College 5: kritisch denken ........................................................................................................................ 35
Moraal van het p-verhaal: .......................................................................................................................... 38
Alle 6 kritische punten op een rij ............................................................................................................. 40
College 6: niet-parametische toetsen ..................................................................................................... 40
Wilcoxon Ranksum test ............................................................................................................................. 44
Wilcoxon Signed Rank test ....................................................................................................................... 45
Kruskall-Wallis Test .................................................................................................................................... 46
College 7: factorial designs ..................................................................................................................... 48
Oneway .......................................................................................................................................................... 49
Twoway experiment .................................................................................................................................... 49
Marginal means ............................................................................................................................................ 51
Hoofdeffecten ............................................................................................................................................... 51
“Simpele” effecten: ..................................................................................................................................... 51
Interactie-effecten ....................................................................................................................................... 52
College 8: tweeweg anova ........................................................................................................................ 55
Mean of Squares .......................................................................................................................................... 56
Sum of squares & vrijheidsgraden ......................................................................................................... 56
Sum of squares error.................................................................................................................................. 58
,College 9: quasi experimentele designs ................................................................................................ 64
Validiteit, twee soorten: ............................................................................................................................. 64
Quasi-experimental ..................................................................................................................................... 65
Causaliteit, 3 eigenschappen: .................................................................................................................. 65
Nonequivalent groups posttest-only ...................................................................................................... 66
Time series .................................................................................................................................................... 68
Time series Simple interrupted ................................................................................................................ 68
Time series Trendline ................................................................................................................................. 69
Comparative time series ............................................................................................................................ 71
Time series in disguise .............................................................................................................................. 72
College 10: enkelvoudige lineaire regressie ......................................................................................... 73
Correlatie ....................................................................................................................................................... 74
Regressie ....................................................................................................................................................... 75
College 11: meervoudige lineaire regressie .......................................................................................... 80
Bivariate relaties .......................................................................................................................................... 80
Multivariate relaties ..................................................................................................................................... 81
Enkelvoudige regressie: vergelijking ..................................................................................................... 81
Meervoudige regressie: vergelijking ...................................................................................................... 81
, Basisinformatie cursus
Hoe zit een week eruit?
Maandag: thops en college, literatuur
Woensdag: practicum, begin portofolio opdracht (inleveren de week erop)
Vrijdag: end of the week test (10 vragen, 7 goed hebben)
Tentamen 21 december
- Telt 80% mee
- Minimaal een voldoende
- Multiple choice
- Over alle cursusmaterialen
Portofolio opdrachten
- Telt 20% mee
- Minimaal een voldoende
- Er zijn 5 opdrachten
- PO5 is verplicht
- Minimaal 2 (5 en nog een) maken
- Maar allemaal= is hoger cijfer
➢ Voor elke opdracht krijg je punten, 1,5p per opdracht als voldoende
➢ Laatste opdracht 4p, is ook groter
➢ Alles gemaakt? Cijfer: 10
4 poster opdrachten + 1 video
- Video is verplicht + 1 van de andere opdrachten
- Elke poster 1,5p, video 4p
Practicum
- Toepassen kennis en verdiepen theorie
- Werkbladen vooraf op BS
- Niet verplicht, maar wel aangeraden
College 1: toetsen en oneway designs
Leerdoelen
- De gedachte achter statistische toetsen kunnen uitleggen
- T-toets voor 1 gemiddelde uitvoeren
- Kunnen uitleggen wat een oneway design is
- Drie experimentele (basis)designs kunnen uitleggen
- Kunnen uitleggen wat het verschil is tussen subject variabelen en experimentele
variabelen
- Het eerste deel van de toetsboom gebruiken.
Methoden, technieken en statistiek
Methoden: Validiteit van onderzoek: hoe heb je gemeten?
Beschrijvende statistiek: Hoe zit de (gemeten) data eruit?
Inferentiele statistiek: Wat kan ik zeffen over de populatie op basis van een
steekproef?
Soorten onderzoek:
1. Beschrijvend
2. (Cor)relationeel
3. Experimenteel
4. Quasi-experimenteel
