Chamberlain College of Nursing NR507Final With comprehensive
elaboration Study Guide
1. Acid base imbalance
➢ While checking arterial blood gas results, a nurse finds respiratory acidosis. What
does the nurse suspect is occurring in the patient?
reduced tidal volumes
➢ A 20-year-old male is in acute pain. An arterial blood gas reveals decreased
carbon dioxide (CO2 ) levels. Which of the following does the nurse suspect is the
most likely cause?
Hyperventilation
➢ The nurse is assessing a client with suspected respiratory acidosis. Which
assessment items are priority for the nurse to collect?
Rate and depth of respirations, Skin color and temperature, Appearance
of the optic nerve
➢ The nurse is administering sodium bicarbonate to the client with respiratory acidosis.
The nurse understands that which is the primary goal of treatment for this client?
Removing excess acids in blood
➢
➢ The student nurse is assisting in the care for a client with acute respiratory acidosis.
The nurse explains to the student nurse that the client's blood pH initially falls in the
development of acute respiratory acidosis because of which process?
Hypoventilation
2. ACTH
➢ The nurse is preparing a client for testing to determine if the client has Cushing
syndrome. What tests are included in the screening process
24-hour urine secretion of cortisol
Dexamethasone suppression test
Plasma levels of ACTH
➢ A client comes to the clinic with fatigue and muscle weakness. The client also states she
has been having diarrhea. The nurse observes the skin of the client has a bronze tone and
when asked, the client says she has not had any sun exposure. The mucous membranes
of the gums are bluish-black. When reviewing laboratory results from this client, what
does the nurse anticipate seeing?
Increased levels of ACTH
➢ A client is diagnosed with adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency (ACTH) and is
to begin replacement therapy. Regarding which type of replacement will the nurse
educate the client?
Cortisol replacement therapy
➢ Following destruction of the pituitary gland, ACTH stimulation stops. Without
ACTH to stimulate the adrenal glands, the adrenals' production of cortisol drops. This
is an example of which type of endocrine disorder?
Secondary
Chamberlain College of Nursing NR507Final With comprehensive
elaboration Study Guide
, Chamberlain College of Nursing NR507Final With comprehensive
elaboration Study Guide
➢ The nurse is preparing a client for a test that will measure negative feedback suppression
of ACTH. Which medication will the nurse administer in conjunction for this test?
Dexamethasone
➢ ACTH deficiency results in secondary
hypocortisolism
➢ ACTH deficiency is most commonly caused by?
glucocorticoid withdrawal
➢ 6 symptoms of an ACTH deficiency
tiredness
weakness
anorexia
N/V
hypoglycemia
orthostatic hypotension
➢ interpretation of ACTH levels requires simultaneous assessment of
plasma cortisol levels
➢ ACTH levels are normal to high in primary adrenal insufficiency
➢ ACTH levels are low to absent in secondary adrenal insufficiency
➢ The client has been taking an oral cortisol preparation for 2 years to manage an
autoimmune disease. What effects does the nurse expect this therapy to have on
this client's circulating levels of ACTH and aldosterone?
Decreased ACTH, decreased aldosterone
➢ A nurse checks lab results as both Cushing syndrome and Addison disease can
manifest with elevated levels of:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
3. Acute epiglottitis
➢ A caregiver calls the pediatrician's office and reports to the nurse that her 4-year-old,
who was fine the previous day, complained of a sore throat early in the morning and now has a
temperature of 102.6° F (39.2° C). The caregiver has tried to get the child to nap but the child gets
panicky, immediately sits back up, and leans forward with her mouth open and
tongue out when the caregiver encourages her to lie down. The nurse suspects the child
has which of the following conditions?
Epiglottitis
➢ The caregivers of a child report that their child had a cold and complained of a sore
throat. When interviewed further they report that the child has a high fever, is very
anxious, and is breathing by sitting up and leaning forward with the mouth open and
the tongue out. The nurse recognizes these symptoms as those seen with which of the
Chamberlain College of Nursing NR507Final With comprehensive
elaboration Study Guide
, Chamberlain College of Nursing NR507Final With comprehensive
elaboration Study Guide
following disorders?
Epiglottitis
➢ The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old girl who shows signs and symptoms of
epiglottitis. The nurse recognizes a common complication of the disorder is for the
child to:
be at risk for respiratory distress.
➢ A 5-year-old child is brought to the clinic by his father because the child developed a
high fever over the past 2 to 3 hours. The nurse suspects epiglottitis based on which
signs and symptoms?
• Difficulty speaking • Drooling • Sitting with neck extended •
Frightened appearance
4. AIDS
➢ A 36-year-old man enters the hospital in an extremely debilitated condition. He has
purple-brown skin lesions (a symptom of Kaposi's sarcoma) and a persistent cough. A
physical examination reveals swollen lymph nodes, and laboratory tests find a very low
lymphocyte count. Information taken during the personal history reveals that he has
multiple sex partners with whom he frequently engages in unprotected sex. What is
likely to be the man's problem and what is his prognosis?
He is probably suffering from AIDS. His outlook is poor once the disease
has progressed to this advanced stage. There is no cure, and drug therapy
has had limited short-term success.
➢ Why does nursing care of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
include monitoring of T lymphocyte counts?
A decrease in the number of T cells would make the patient more
susceptible to infection and unusual cancers.
➢ What is the length of time from infection with the AIDS virus to seroconversion?
Up to six months
➢ A 21-year-old woman diagnosed with HIV/AIDS 4 years ago now presents with
cytomegalovirus. The nurse explains to the woman that the infection is caused by a
common organism that normally does not cause infection in someone with a
healthy immune system. This type of infection is called what?
Opportunistic infection
➢ The nurse is caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with AIDS. The client
asks the nurse, "How long will I live?" Which of the following is an appropriate
response by the nurse?
"AIDS is considered to be a chronic illness today."
➢ Which of the following clients is at the greatest risk for developing an
intracellular pathogen infection?
An AIDS client with a decreased CD4+ TH1 count
Chamberlain College of Nursing NR507Final With comprehensive
elaboration Study Guide
, Chamberlain College of Nursing NR507Final With comprehensive
elaboration Study Guide
5. Alveolar ventilation/perfusion
➢ A consequence of alveolar hypoxia is:
Pulmonary artery vasoconstriction
➢ The pressure required to inflate an alveolus is inversely related to:
Alveolus radius
➢ The nurse is describing the movement of blood into and out of the
capillary beds of the lungs to the body organs and tissues. What
term should the nurse use to describe this process?
Perfusion
➢ A pulmonologist is discussing the base of the lungs with staff.
Which information should be included? At the base of the lungs:
Arterial perfusion pressure exceeds alveolar gas pressure
When the pulmonologist discusses the condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower
lo
➢ be receive adequate ventilation but do not have adequate perfusion, which statement
indicates the nurse understands this condition? When this occurs in a patient it is
called: Alveolar dead space
➢ Which of the following conditions should the nurse monitor for in a patient
with hypoventilation?
Hypercapnia
➢ A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of emphysema. Which information should
the nurse include? Emphysema results in:
The destruction of alveolar septa and air trapping.
6. Alzheimer’s disease
➢ A patient is admitted to the unit in the middle stages of Alzheimer's disease. How
would the nurse expect to find the patient's state of mind?
Chamberlain College of Nursing NR507Final With comprehensive
elaboration Study Guide
elaboration Study Guide
1. Acid base imbalance
➢ While checking arterial blood gas results, a nurse finds respiratory acidosis. What
does the nurse suspect is occurring in the patient?
reduced tidal volumes
➢ A 20-year-old male is in acute pain. An arterial blood gas reveals decreased
carbon dioxide (CO2 ) levels. Which of the following does the nurse suspect is the
most likely cause?
Hyperventilation
➢ The nurse is assessing a client with suspected respiratory acidosis. Which
assessment items are priority for the nurse to collect?
Rate and depth of respirations, Skin color and temperature, Appearance
of the optic nerve
➢ The nurse is administering sodium bicarbonate to the client with respiratory acidosis.
The nurse understands that which is the primary goal of treatment for this client?
Removing excess acids in blood
➢
➢ The student nurse is assisting in the care for a client with acute respiratory acidosis.
The nurse explains to the student nurse that the client's blood pH initially falls in the
development of acute respiratory acidosis because of which process?
Hypoventilation
2. ACTH
➢ The nurse is preparing a client for testing to determine if the client has Cushing
syndrome. What tests are included in the screening process
24-hour urine secretion of cortisol
Dexamethasone suppression test
Plasma levels of ACTH
➢ A client comes to the clinic with fatigue and muscle weakness. The client also states she
has been having diarrhea. The nurse observes the skin of the client has a bronze tone and
when asked, the client says she has not had any sun exposure. The mucous membranes
of the gums are bluish-black. When reviewing laboratory results from this client, what
does the nurse anticipate seeing?
Increased levels of ACTH
➢ A client is diagnosed with adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency (ACTH) and is
to begin replacement therapy. Regarding which type of replacement will the nurse
educate the client?
Cortisol replacement therapy
➢ Following destruction of the pituitary gland, ACTH stimulation stops. Without
ACTH to stimulate the adrenal glands, the adrenals' production of cortisol drops. This
is an example of which type of endocrine disorder?
Secondary
Chamberlain College of Nursing NR507Final With comprehensive
elaboration Study Guide
, Chamberlain College of Nursing NR507Final With comprehensive
elaboration Study Guide
➢ The nurse is preparing a client for a test that will measure negative feedback suppression
of ACTH. Which medication will the nurse administer in conjunction for this test?
Dexamethasone
➢ ACTH deficiency results in secondary
hypocortisolism
➢ ACTH deficiency is most commonly caused by?
glucocorticoid withdrawal
➢ 6 symptoms of an ACTH deficiency
tiredness
weakness
anorexia
N/V
hypoglycemia
orthostatic hypotension
➢ interpretation of ACTH levels requires simultaneous assessment of
plasma cortisol levels
➢ ACTH levels are normal to high in primary adrenal insufficiency
➢ ACTH levels are low to absent in secondary adrenal insufficiency
➢ The client has been taking an oral cortisol preparation for 2 years to manage an
autoimmune disease. What effects does the nurse expect this therapy to have on
this client's circulating levels of ACTH and aldosterone?
Decreased ACTH, decreased aldosterone
➢ A nurse checks lab results as both Cushing syndrome and Addison disease can
manifest with elevated levels of:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
3. Acute epiglottitis
➢ A caregiver calls the pediatrician's office and reports to the nurse that her 4-year-old,
who was fine the previous day, complained of a sore throat early in the morning and now has a
temperature of 102.6° F (39.2° C). The caregiver has tried to get the child to nap but the child gets
panicky, immediately sits back up, and leans forward with her mouth open and
tongue out when the caregiver encourages her to lie down. The nurse suspects the child
has which of the following conditions?
Epiglottitis
➢ The caregivers of a child report that their child had a cold and complained of a sore
throat. When interviewed further they report that the child has a high fever, is very
anxious, and is breathing by sitting up and leaning forward with the mouth open and
the tongue out. The nurse recognizes these symptoms as those seen with which of the
Chamberlain College of Nursing NR507Final With comprehensive
elaboration Study Guide
, Chamberlain College of Nursing NR507Final With comprehensive
elaboration Study Guide
following disorders?
Epiglottitis
➢ The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old girl who shows signs and symptoms of
epiglottitis. The nurse recognizes a common complication of the disorder is for the
child to:
be at risk for respiratory distress.
➢ A 5-year-old child is brought to the clinic by his father because the child developed a
high fever over the past 2 to 3 hours. The nurse suspects epiglottitis based on which
signs and symptoms?
• Difficulty speaking • Drooling • Sitting with neck extended •
Frightened appearance
4. AIDS
➢ A 36-year-old man enters the hospital in an extremely debilitated condition. He has
purple-brown skin lesions (a symptom of Kaposi's sarcoma) and a persistent cough. A
physical examination reveals swollen lymph nodes, and laboratory tests find a very low
lymphocyte count. Information taken during the personal history reveals that he has
multiple sex partners with whom he frequently engages in unprotected sex. What is
likely to be the man's problem and what is his prognosis?
He is probably suffering from AIDS. His outlook is poor once the disease
has progressed to this advanced stage. There is no cure, and drug therapy
has had limited short-term success.
➢ Why does nursing care of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
include monitoring of T lymphocyte counts?
A decrease in the number of T cells would make the patient more
susceptible to infection and unusual cancers.
➢ What is the length of time from infection with the AIDS virus to seroconversion?
Up to six months
➢ A 21-year-old woman diagnosed with HIV/AIDS 4 years ago now presents with
cytomegalovirus. The nurse explains to the woman that the infection is caused by a
common organism that normally does not cause infection in someone with a
healthy immune system. This type of infection is called what?
Opportunistic infection
➢ The nurse is caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with AIDS. The client
asks the nurse, "How long will I live?" Which of the following is an appropriate
response by the nurse?
"AIDS is considered to be a chronic illness today."
➢ Which of the following clients is at the greatest risk for developing an
intracellular pathogen infection?
An AIDS client with a decreased CD4+ TH1 count
Chamberlain College of Nursing NR507Final With comprehensive
elaboration Study Guide
, Chamberlain College of Nursing NR507Final With comprehensive
elaboration Study Guide
5. Alveolar ventilation/perfusion
➢ A consequence of alveolar hypoxia is:
Pulmonary artery vasoconstriction
➢ The pressure required to inflate an alveolus is inversely related to:
Alveolus radius
➢ The nurse is describing the movement of blood into and out of the
capillary beds of the lungs to the body organs and tissues. What
term should the nurse use to describe this process?
Perfusion
➢ A pulmonologist is discussing the base of the lungs with staff.
Which information should be included? At the base of the lungs:
Arterial perfusion pressure exceeds alveolar gas pressure
When the pulmonologist discusses the condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower
lo
➢ be receive adequate ventilation but do not have adequate perfusion, which statement
indicates the nurse understands this condition? When this occurs in a patient it is
called: Alveolar dead space
➢ Which of the following conditions should the nurse monitor for in a patient
with hypoventilation?
Hypercapnia
➢ A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of emphysema. Which information should
the nurse include? Emphysema results in:
The destruction of alveolar septa and air trapping.
6. Alzheimer’s disease
➢ A patient is admitted to the unit in the middle stages of Alzheimer's disease. How
would the nurse expect to find the patient's state of mind?
Chamberlain College of Nursing NR507Final With comprehensive
elaboration Study Guide
