FISDAP EMT Airway Exam Complete Solution
2022/2023
aerobic metabolism
Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen.
agonal gasps
occasional, gasping breaths that occur after the heart has stopped
alveolar minute volume
The volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute minus the dead space;
calculated by multiplying tidal volume (minus dead space) and respiratory rate.
alveolar ventilation
The volume of air that reaches the alveoli. It is determined by subtracting the amount of
dead space air from the tidal volume.
American Standard System
A safety system for large oxygen cylinders, designed to prevent the accidental
attachment of a regulator to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas.
anaerobic metabolism
The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the principle product is lactic
acid.
apnea
absence of spontaneous breathing
aspiration
In the context of airway, the introduction of vomitus or other foreign material into the
lungs.
ataxic respirations
Irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern.
automatic transport ventilator (ATV)
A ventilation device attached to a control box that allows the variables of ventilation to
be set. It frees the EMT to perform other tasks while the patient is being ventilated.
bag-valve mask (BVM)
A device with a one-way valve and a face mask attached to a ventilation bag; when
attached to a reservoir and connected to oxygen, it delivers more than 90%
supplemental oxygen.
barrier device
A protective item, such as a pocket mask with a valve, that limits exposure to a patient's
body fluids.
bilateral
A body part or condition that appears on both sides of the midline.
Bronchioles
Subdivision of the smaller bronchi in the lungs; made of smooth muscle and dilate or
constrict in response to various stimuli.
capnography
, A noninvasive method to quickly and efficiently provide information on a patient's
ventilatory status, circulation, and metabolism; effectively measures the concentration of
carbon dioxide in expired air over time.
Capnometry
A device that measures the amount of expired carbon dioxide.
carina
Point at which the trachea bifurcates (divides) into the left and right mainstem bronchi.
Chemoreceptors
Monitor the levels of O2, CO2, and the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid and then provide
feedback to the respiratory centers to modify the rate and depth of breathing based on
the body's needs at any given time.
compliance
The ability of the alveoli to expand when air is drawn in during inhalation.
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with
respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation.
dead space
The portion of the tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli and thus does not
participate in gas exchange.
Diffusion
A process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
Dyspnea
shortness of breath
End Tital CO2
the amount of carbon dioxide present at the end of an exhaled breath
Exhalation
The passive part of the breathing process in which the diaphragm and the intercostal
muscles relax, forcing air out of the lungs.
external respiration
the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood cells in the pulmonary
capillaries; also called pulmonary respiration
gag reflex
A normal reflex mechanism that causes retching; activated by touching the soft palate
or the back of the throat.
gastric distention
A condition in which air fills the stomach, often as a result of high volume and pressure
during artificial ventilation.
glottis
The space in between the vocal cords that is the narrowest portion of the adult's airway;
also called the glottic opening.
good air exchange
A term used to distinguish the degree of distress in a patient with a mild airway
obstruction. With good air exchange, the patient is still conscious and able to cough
forcefully, although wheezing may be heard.
head tilt-chin lift maneuver
2022/2023
aerobic metabolism
Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen.
agonal gasps
occasional, gasping breaths that occur after the heart has stopped
alveolar minute volume
The volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute minus the dead space;
calculated by multiplying tidal volume (minus dead space) and respiratory rate.
alveolar ventilation
The volume of air that reaches the alveoli. It is determined by subtracting the amount of
dead space air from the tidal volume.
American Standard System
A safety system for large oxygen cylinders, designed to prevent the accidental
attachment of a regulator to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas.
anaerobic metabolism
The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the principle product is lactic
acid.
apnea
absence of spontaneous breathing
aspiration
In the context of airway, the introduction of vomitus or other foreign material into the
lungs.
ataxic respirations
Irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern.
automatic transport ventilator (ATV)
A ventilation device attached to a control box that allows the variables of ventilation to
be set. It frees the EMT to perform other tasks while the patient is being ventilated.
bag-valve mask (BVM)
A device with a one-way valve and a face mask attached to a ventilation bag; when
attached to a reservoir and connected to oxygen, it delivers more than 90%
supplemental oxygen.
barrier device
A protective item, such as a pocket mask with a valve, that limits exposure to a patient's
body fluids.
bilateral
A body part or condition that appears on both sides of the midline.
Bronchioles
Subdivision of the smaller bronchi in the lungs; made of smooth muscle and dilate or
constrict in response to various stimuli.
capnography
, A noninvasive method to quickly and efficiently provide information on a patient's
ventilatory status, circulation, and metabolism; effectively measures the concentration of
carbon dioxide in expired air over time.
Capnometry
A device that measures the amount of expired carbon dioxide.
carina
Point at which the trachea bifurcates (divides) into the left and right mainstem bronchi.
Chemoreceptors
Monitor the levels of O2, CO2, and the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid and then provide
feedback to the respiratory centers to modify the rate and depth of breathing based on
the body's needs at any given time.
compliance
The ability of the alveoli to expand when air is drawn in during inhalation.
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with
respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation.
dead space
The portion of the tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli and thus does not
participate in gas exchange.
Diffusion
A process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
Dyspnea
shortness of breath
End Tital CO2
the amount of carbon dioxide present at the end of an exhaled breath
Exhalation
The passive part of the breathing process in which the diaphragm and the intercostal
muscles relax, forcing air out of the lungs.
external respiration
the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood cells in the pulmonary
capillaries; also called pulmonary respiration
gag reflex
A normal reflex mechanism that causes retching; activated by touching the soft palate
or the back of the throat.
gastric distention
A condition in which air fills the stomach, often as a result of high volume and pressure
during artificial ventilation.
glottis
The space in between the vocal cords that is the narrowest portion of the adult's airway;
also called the glottic opening.
good air exchange
A term used to distinguish the degree of distress in a patient with a mild airway
obstruction. With good air exchange, the patient is still conscious and able to cough
forcefully, although wheezing may be heard.
head tilt-chin lift maneuver
