2022/2023 NREMT exam questions and answers

2022/2023 NREMT exam questions and answers what is widely considered to mark the beginning of the modern EMS system? - ANSWER Accidental Death and Disability: The neglected disease of Modern Society (a.k.a The White Paper) EMS care today is based on: - ANSWER evidence-based medicine what describes the EMT level of training? - ANSWER oxygen and ventilation skills, pulse oximetry, and administration of certain medications EMT roles and responsibilities include - ANSWER strong written and verbal communication skills What EMT activity is considered high risk for the patient? - ANSWER transferring patient care if you believe a scene to be unsafe, you should: - ANSWER leave the area and call for additional resources what statement regarding stress is correct? - ANSWER stress in an inevitable consequence of the profession what is a formalized process to help emergency workers deal with stress? - ANSWER Critical Incident Stress Management what provides the best protection from exposure to an airborne disease? - ANSWER HEPA mask what move is used when the scene is dangerous and the patient must be moved before providing care? - ANSWER emergency move what term refers to the actions an EMS provider is legally allowed to perform based on license or certification level? - ANSWER scope of practice what term refers to the degree of care a reasonable person with similar training should provide in a similar situation? - ANSWER standard of care what is specific to resuscitation efforts and does not affect treatment prior to the patient entering cardiac arrest? - ANSWER DNR order during a negligence lawsuit, if the injury to the plaintiff was, at least in part, due to the EMT's action or inaction, what component of negligence is the EMT guilty of? - ANSWER proximate cause what is a definitive sign of death? - ANSWER decapitation what federal agency regulates all radio operations in the United States? - ANSWER Federal Communications Commission (FCC) What statement regards EMS radio communication correctly? - ANSWER use clear text, not radio codes, for EMS communications what is an example of an objective observation? - ANSWER the patient has slurred speech and an unsteady gait your medical direction has just ordered administration of a medication for your patient. you should immediately: - ANSWER repeat the order back to ensure you have understood it correctly what statement regards the transfer of care report correctly? - ANSWER transfer of care must include a verbal report to an equal or higher medical authority what suggestion should you follow regarding patient care reports (PCR?) - ANSWER if you didn't do it, don't write that you did the minimum data set on a PCR includes: - ANSWER dispatch times your PCR has a section that allows you to free text a description of the call. this is known as the: - ANSWER narrative section your patient is complaining of knee pain following a fall from a bicycle. you ask the patient if he has any neck pain and he states that he does not. in this case, neck pain would be considered: - ANSWER a pertinent negative what abbreviations should you use on your PCR? - ANSWER only abbreviations approved by your agency and medical director what statement on homeostasis is correct? - ANSWER homeostasis is a state of balance or equilibrium within the body the frontal plane divides the body into: - ANSWER anterior and posterior portions from anatomical position, what is a lateral bone in the forearm? - ANSWER the radius ventral refers to the: - ANSWER anterior surface your adult patient is unconscious, breathing adequately, and has a pulse. there is no indication of trauma. the patient should be positioned in: - ANSWER recovery position while assessing an infant, you note depressed fontanelles. this indicates that the infant is: - ANSWER most likely dehydrated your patient is two years old. she would be considered a(n): - ANSWER toddler to ease a child's anxiety, it is usually best to: - ANSWER keep caregivers close by eating disorders are more common among which age group? - ANSWER adolescents accidental trauma is the leading cause of death in what age group? - ANSWER young adults what is the backup system to the CO2 drive? - ANSWER hypoxic drive you have initiated BVM ventilations for your apneic patient. what does it mean if the ventilations are delivering effectively? - ANSWER auscultate lung sounds what indicates a need for supplemental oxygen by nasal cannula or non breather? - ANSWER an SaO2 reading of 93% your patient to responsive to only painful stimuli. the airway is clear. how should you manage the airway? - ANSWER insert an NPA due to the risk of hypoxia, suction time should not exceed: - ANSWER 15 seconds for an adult while obtaining a patient history, you note the patient takes several prescription medications daily. this is known as: - ANSWER polypharmacy symptoms that are important to consider, but denied by the patient are known as: - ANSWER pertinent negatives during your assessment, you note the patient has irregular breathing. this means that the patient: - ANSWER presents with an abnormal breathing pattern your 5-year-old patient is unresponsive. to determine if chest compressions are indicated, you should immediately assess the: - ANSWER carotid pulse your trauma patient has a widening pulse pressure. you should suspect: - ANSWER a head injury what medication is administered enterally? - ANSWER oral glucose what medication is used to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose? - ANSWER narcan what is a common side effect of nitroglycerin administration? - ANSWER reduced blood pressure EMT's can help administer, but cannot carry, what medication? - ANSWER MDI medications (or nitroglycerin) what medication is an absorbent? - ANSWER activated charcoal you have completed the primary assessment on an unresponsive multi-system trauma patient. what should be done next? - ANSWER assess baseline vital signs what always precedes the patient history? - ANSWER primary assessment you have completed the primary on a conscious patient complaining of dyspnea. there is no trauma. what should be done next? - ANSWER obtain a patient history what is always your first priority while performing a physical exam on a patient? - ANSWER you and your partner's safety what is the purpose of the rapid scan? - ANSWER identify any remaining life-threats shock, or hypoperfusion, describes a state of: - ANSWER inadequate tissue perfusion your trauma patient has lost an unknown amount of blood. the patient is alert, his pulse rate is slightly elevated, and his bp is normal. based on this information, the patient is most likely experiencing: - ANSWER compensated shock you are assessing your patient for signs and symptoms of shock. you tachycardia and pale, cool skin. these findings are: - ANSWER examples of the body's defense mechanisms your patient presents with signs and symptoms of hypoperfusion. you note that the patients blood pressure is lower each time you reassess vitals. this indicates the patient is: - ANSWER in decompensated shock what statement regarding shock in pediatric patients is correct? - ANSWER pediatric patients can be in serious danger and still present without hypotension what is a slow disease process that obstructs and damages the lower airways and alveoli? - ANSWER COPD what is an emergency in which the heart does not pump effectively, leading to a backup of fluid and pulmonary edema? - ANSWER CHF (congestive heart failure) laryngotracheobronchitis is also known as: - ANSWER croup what are signs and symptoms of a pulmonary embolism? - ANSWER possible history of recent surgery, or long bone fracture; chest pain, tachypnea what is characterized by rapid breathing and is often associated with distraught patients? - ANSWER hyperventilation syndrome what is true regarding a rear-impact motor vehicle collision? - ANSWER neck injuries due to hyperextension are common the risk of ejection from a motor vehicle collision is highest with: - ANSWER a rollover your patient was a passenger in a vehicle that struck a tree. what is considered the "third collision" based on this mechanism? - ANSWER the patients internal organs striking the internal structures of the body what is true regarding vehicle safety restraint systems (SRS)? - ANSWER a vehicle SRS can reduce deceleration injuries your trauma patient presents with abdominal bruising and distention. what is most likely? - ANSWER internal bleeding your environmental patient is experiencing peripheral vasoconstriction and a slowing metabolic rate. the patient is most likely experiencing: - ANSWER a systemic cold emergency your patient was found wandering outside on a cold, calm night. the patient was only wearing shorts and shoes. what would most likely cause this patient to become hypothermic? - ANSWER radiation rewarming a hypothermic patient too rapidly can cause: - ANSWER ventricular fibrillation what is a common systemic heat emergency caused by a combination of heat exposure and hypovolemia? - ANSWER heat exhaustion if you suspect your patient is experiencing heat stroke, your cooling measures must/should be: - ANSWER rapid and aggressive what regarding cardiovascular changes in the pregnant patient is correct? - ANSWER pregnant patients are at an increased risk of anemia what is a common cause of bleeding in the pregnant patient during the 3rd trimester? - ANSWER placenta previa your patient is 37 weeks pregnant. she is complaining of headache, blurred vision, and swelling. you should suspect: - ANSWER preeclampsia your pregnant patient states her blood pressure has been high each of the last three times she has checked it. you should suspect: - ANSWER pregnancy-induced hypertension your patient is 37 weeks pregnant. you find her supine in bed complaining of weakness and nausea. you should immediately be concerned about: - ANSWER supine hypotensive syndrome you are assessing a pediatric patient with bradycardia and an altered LOC. your immediate priority should be: - ANSWER assessment and management of suspected hypoxia what is one of the three key assessments of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle? - ANSWER appearance what statement is correct regarding management of a pediatric patient you suspect has been abused? - ANSWER you are legally required to report suspected abuse to the appropriate authorities what statement regarding the Rule of Nines for pediatric patients is correct? - ANSWER the pediatric rule of nines assigns a higher percentage to the head what statement regarding SIDS is correct? - ANSWER SIDS only applies to deaths that cannot be explained by autopsy your elderly patient has a curvature of the spine that causes her to have a rounded back. this is known as - ANSWER kyphosis your elderly female patient complains of weakness and non-specific abdominal pain. you should maintain a high index of suspicion for: - ANSWER atypical MI your elderly patient presents with pulmonary edema and respiratory distress. the patient has a history of hypertension and two previous MIs. you should suspect: - ANSWER left heart failure your elderly patient is overweight and recently had surgery for a long-bone fracture. he has decided to take a 12-hour flight overseas to relax and recover. this patient has multiple risk factors for: - ANSWER pulmonary edema your elderly patient complains of abdominal pain, coffee-ground-like emesis, and dark, tarry stool. you should suspect: - ANSWER GI bleeding your patient receives dialysis and has an AV shunt on the left arm. you should: - ANSWER avoid taking blood pressures on the left arm your patient has a tracheostomy tube and presents with signs of hypoxia. you should suspect the tube is partially obstructed, you should: - ANSWER suction the tracheostomy tube your patient has a stoma and requires supplemental oxygen. you should: - ANSWER place an oxygen mask over the stoma your patient is on a home ventilator. the ventilator appears to be malfunctioning. you should immediately: - ANSWER begin ventilating the patient with a BVM your hospice patient has a PCA pump. the PCA pump is used to: - ANSWER self-administer pain medication following a call, you clean and disinfect all of the equipment used. this occurs during the: - ANSWER postrun phase of a call emergency vehicles should usually travel: - ANSWER in the far left lane what is a recommended defensive driving tactic for emergency vehicle operators? - ANSWER always assume the other drivers do not hear or see you you have been asked to set up a landing zone for an incoming EMS helicopter. you should: - ANSWER ensure the LZ is clear of overhead obstructions when working around an EMS helicopter, you should NEVER approach the aircraft from: - ANSWER the rear what is an EMT's primary responsibility at a scene involving extrication or special operations? - ANSWER personal safety when working on roadways or around traffic, federal law requires that you: - ANSWER wear an approved, highly reflective safety vest due to shock-absorbing bumpers, you should approach vehicles involved in an accident from: - ANSWER the side you are caring for a patient involved in a motor vehicle accident. there is an underplayed airbag in the vehicle. you should: - ANSWER maintain about 2 feet of clearance between you and the airbag gaining access to the patient without any tools or breaking glass is known as: - ANSWER simple access the UN number on a diamond placard is used to: - ANSWER identify the substance using the ERG a diamond placard with 4 smaller placards of different colors is used for: - ANSWER fixed storage locations the blue diamond placard on a 4-diamond placard provides information about: - ANSWER health hazards you see the number 4 within a yellow placard on a 4-diamond placard at a storage facility. this means the facility contains: - ANSWER a material that may detonate spontaneously all EMT's are required to have hazardous materials training at the level of: - ANSWER First Responder Awareness what provides an adaptive, standardized approach to any domestic mass casualty incident? - ANSWER NIMS during a large incident, NIMS standards require the use of: - ANSWER clear text radio communications on large incidents, the incident commander is part of the: - ANSWER command section during a mass casualty incident, comprehensive treatment does NOT begin until: - ANSWER all patients have been triaged during an MCI incident, when is secondary triage completed? - ANSWER once the patient arrives in the treatment area