Exam 3
Additional Information
Values are qualities, principles, attitudes, or beliefs about the inherent worth of an Ch. 4 Health
object, behavior, or idea that guide action by sanctioning certain behaviors and Promotion book
disavowing others. by Edelman &
Mandle
Values clarification is a method for discovering one’s values and the
importance of these values
Self-Awareness involves interactions between the self and the external world and the Ch. 4 Health
symbolic connections created by the individual. Promotion book
by Edelman &
Self-awareness is influenced by the degree to which an individual has an Mandle
accurate concept of all dimensions of the self
The goal of self-awareness is to increase the size of the first windowpane
while reducing the size of the other three areas
1. The first step is listening to oneself and paying attention to emotions,
thoughts, memories, reactions, and impulses.
2. The second step is listening to and learning from others.
3. The third step is self-disclosure; sharing aspects of the self enriches
interpersonal life.
Therapeutic use of self is the application of one’s cognitions, perceptions, and
behaviors to create interpersonal encounters that promote health in another person,
family, group, or community. Without self-awareness and clarification of values,
therapeutic use of self is impaired
Self-Disclosure: Sharing aspects of the self. Ch. 4 Health
Promotion book
by Edelman &
Mandle
Open Communication Ch. 4 Health
Promotion book
To obtain and send messages and to retain information by Edelman &
To use the information to arrive at new conclusions, to reconstruct the past, Mandle
and to look forward to future events
To begin and to modify physiological processes
To influence others and outside events
Use of “I” statements in communication Ch.4 Health
Promotion book
One technique for clarifying and qualifying messages is called the “I” by Edelman &
statement. Use of “I” statements helps the sender state what he or she wants, Mandle
feels, thinks, or plans (including likes and dislikes). For example, “I felt
unimportant when you forgot to recognize this anniversary” is an “I” statement
that the person could have used to communicate effectively. Soliciting such “I”
messages is a therapeutic technique to be encouraged.
Communication Styles (verbal, nonverbal, metacommunicaiton, functional Ch. 4 Health
communication) Promotion book
Verbal communication: Transmission of messages using spoken or written by Edelman &
words. Mandle
, Nonverbal communication: Any type of communication that is not verbal,
including gestures, facial expressions, movements, body messages or signals,
and artistic symbols.
Metacommunication: A phenomenon that refers to a message about a
message. Metacommunication is the relationship aspect of communication. It
involves reading between the lines or going past the surface content of the
message to glean nuances of meaning.
Functional communication:
Belittling is the failure to understand, or judging the degree of the patient Unit 5 lesson
comfort (Edelman & Mandle,2014)
Clarifying messages Ch. 4 Health Promotion book by Edelman & Mandle
Key Concepts Chapters
Reciprocity: The patterning of similar activities within the same interval by two people. Ch. 4 Health
Promotion
Therapeutic interactions characterized by reciprocity involve a mutual exchange— book by
a pattern of communication between the nurse and an individual, not a one-way Edelman &
intervention from the nurse to the other person. Mandle
Communication is essential in nursing. Reciprocity, the pattern of similar
activity within the same interval by two people, can help the nurse
communicate a listening stance in an effective way
Value Theories: The theories that emerge as a result of philosophical inquiry about good Ch. 5 Health
action. Promotion
book by
Valuing Process: The first three steps involve a cognitive process, the next two steps Edelman &
involve the affective or emotional domain, and the final steps involve behavior Mandle
Growth (Stages of growth and development) Ch. 5 Health
Promotion
Gilligan (1982) was a graduate student and then colleague of Lawrence Kohlberg, a book by
developmental psychologist Edelman &
Mandle
Piaget’s work on the stages of cognitive development in children.
Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
Vygotsky’s theory: Learning precedes development, focus on Unit 6 Lesson
cultural/social/political influences on learning/development, zone of proximal
development
Vygotsky's cognitive development theory best describes my cognitive
development, because he said that learning precedes development. I can
understand that I had to learn things before I could reach developmental
milestones.
Vygotsky believed that learning is greatly impacted by social and cultural
influences. Cognitive development does not proceed in predetermined stages but
is dependent on exposure to various life experiences. Piaget theory of cognitive
Additional Information
Values are qualities, principles, attitudes, or beliefs about the inherent worth of an Ch. 4 Health
object, behavior, or idea that guide action by sanctioning certain behaviors and Promotion book
disavowing others. by Edelman &
Mandle
Values clarification is a method for discovering one’s values and the
importance of these values
Self-Awareness involves interactions between the self and the external world and the Ch. 4 Health
symbolic connections created by the individual. Promotion book
by Edelman &
Self-awareness is influenced by the degree to which an individual has an Mandle
accurate concept of all dimensions of the self
The goal of self-awareness is to increase the size of the first windowpane
while reducing the size of the other three areas
1. The first step is listening to oneself and paying attention to emotions,
thoughts, memories, reactions, and impulses.
2. The second step is listening to and learning from others.
3. The third step is self-disclosure; sharing aspects of the self enriches
interpersonal life.
Therapeutic use of self is the application of one’s cognitions, perceptions, and
behaviors to create interpersonal encounters that promote health in another person,
family, group, or community. Without self-awareness and clarification of values,
therapeutic use of self is impaired
Self-Disclosure: Sharing aspects of the self. Ch. 4 Health
Promotion book
by Edelman &
Mandle
Open Communication Ch. 4 Health
Promotion book
To obtain and send messages and to retain information by Edelman &
To use the information to arrive at new conclusions, to reconstruct the past, Mandle
and to look forward to future events
To begin and to modify physiological processes
To influence others and outside events
Use of “I” statements in communication Ch.4 Health
Promotion book
One technique for clarifying and qualifying messages is called the “I” by Edelman &
statement. Use of “I” statements helps the sender state what he or she wants, Mandle
feels, thinks, or plans (including likes and dislikes). For example, “I felt
unimportant when you forgot to recognize this anniversary” is an “I” statement
that the person could have used to communicate effectively. Soliciting such “I”
messages is a therapeutic technique to be encouraged.
Communication Styles (verbal, nonverbal, metacommunicaiton, functional Ch. 4 Health
communication) Promotion book
Verbal communication: Transmission of messages using spoken or written by Edelman &
words. Mandle
, Nonverbal communication: Any type of communication that is not verbal,
including gestures, facial expressions, movements, body messages or signals,
and artistic symbols.
Metacommunication: A phenomenon that refers to a message about a
message. Metacommunication is the relationship aspect of communication. It
involves reading between the lines or going past the surface content of the
message to glean nuances of meaning.
Functional communication:
Belittling is the failure to understand, or judging the degree of the patient Unit 5 lesson
comfort (Edelman & Mandle,2014)
Clarifying messages Ch. 4 Health Promotion book by Edelman & Mandle
Key Concepts Chapters
Reciprocity: The patterning of similar activities within the same interval by two people. Ch. 4 Health
Promotion
Therapeutic interactions characterized by reciprocity involve a mutual exchange— book by
a pattern of communication between the nurse and an individual, not a one-way Edelman &
intervention from the nurse to the other person. Mandle
Communication is essential in nursing. Reciprocity, the pattern of similar
activity within the same interval by two people, can help the nurse
communicate a listening stance in an effective way
Value Theories: The theories that emerge as a result of philosophical inquiry about good Ch. 5 Health
action. Promotion
book by
Valuing Process: The first three steps involve a cognitive process, the next two steps Edelman &
involve the affective or emotional domain, and the final steps involve behavior Mandle
Growth (Stages of growth and development) Ch. 5 Health
Promotion
Gilligan (1982) was a graduate student and then colleague of Lawrence Kohlberg, a book by
developmental psychologist Edelman &
Mandle
Piaget’s work on the stages of cognitive development in children.
Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
Vygotsky’s theory: Learning precedes development, focus on Unit 6 Lesson
cultural/social/political influences on learning/development, zone of proximal
development
Vygotsky's cognitive development theory best describes my cognitive
development, because he said that learning precedes development. I can
understand that I had to learn things before I could reach developmental
milestones.
Vygotsky believed that learning is greatly impacted by social and cultural
influences. Cognitive development does not proceed in predetermined stages but
is dependent on exposure to various life experiences. Piaget theory of cognitive
