1) In a normal 70 kg adult male:
a- total body water is approximately 25 litres,
b- about two thirds of total body water is intracellular,
c- 75% of ECF is intravascular,
d- plasma osmolarity is about 350 mosmoles/kg,
e- interstitial fluid volume equals 12 liters,
2) Regarding the composition of intra cellular fluid:
a- the main cation is is sodium,
b- the main anion is chloride,
c- has more phosphates than extracellular fluid,
d- has more sulphate than extracellular fluid,
e- has more sulphate than extracellular fluid,
3) Body temperature:
a- normally 39oC,
b- is regulated by a center in the hypothalamus,
c- increases following food ingestion,
d- can be measured from the rectum,
e- higher in the morning than in the evening,
4) Stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
causes:
a- increased heart rate,
b- papillary dilatation,
c- cutaneous vasodilatation,
d- increased salivary secretion,
e- increased metabolic arte,
5) Actions of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
include:
a- vasoconstriction
b- penile erection
c- increased energy expenditure
d- increase airway resistance
e- secretion of insulin
6) Which of the following statement (s) is/are true/false:
a- intracellular fluid volume is less in females than in males,
b- intracellular fluid is measured by heavy water,
c- extracellular anions are non-diffusible,
d- albumin concentration is equal in plasma and interstitial fluid,
e- Na+ - K+ ATPase pump is activated by increased intracellular,
7) The nicotinic cholinergic receptors are:
a- present in autonomic ganglia,
b- blocked by high concentrations of nicotine,
c- ligand gated Na+ channels in skeletal muscle,
d- blocked by atraopine,
e- the main receptors of acetylcholine in the SA node
8) The following is true about changes in cell membrane potential:
a- the action potential occurs only in excitable tissues,
b- local potentials do not occur in excitable tissues,
c- local potentials are graded
d- active transport of Na+ is responsible for depolarization,
e- repolarisation takes longer than depolarization,
1
, 9) Heat loss from the body can be increased by:
a- increased subcutaneous fat,
b- low environmental relative humidity,
c- cutaneous vasoconstriction,
d- cold wind,
e- atropine injection,
10) Infusion of one liter 0.45% Nacl solution increases:
a- plasma volume,
b- osmolality of interstitial fluid,
c- osmolality of intracellular fluid,
d- volume of intracellular fluid,
e- urine volume,
11) The mature red blood cell:
a- has few mitochondria,
b- volume decreases in folic acid deficiency,
c- of males has more haemoglobin than red cell of females,
d- count is more in infants than older children ,
e- of males has larger volume than of female,
12) Iron:
a- is found in high amounts in mother’s milk,
b- is absorbed mainly in the ileum,
c- is transported in plasma with plasma transferring,
d- is stored in the liver mainly as haemosiderin,
e- deficiency causes anaemia with red cell volume less than 80 femtoliter,
13) T-Lymphocytes:
a- have phagocytic functions,
b- transform into plasma cells,
c- maturation is completed in the bone marrow,
d- are characterized by a horse-shoe nucleus,
e- constitute the majority of the lymphocytesi in circulation,
14)Anaemia may result form:
a- loss of blood,
b- vitamin D deficiency,
c- iron deficiency,
d- deficiency of folic acid,
e- deficiency of erythroopoitein,
15) A person who is group O:
a- has both A and B antigens,
b- has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies,
c- act as universal donor,
d- act as universal recipient,
e- must be rhesus negative,
16) A stained normal blood film shows:
a- 50-70% neutrophils,
b- 2-8% lymphocytes,
c- 20-40% monocytes,
d- 1-4% basophils
e- 0.4% esinophils,
17) The extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation:
a- is triggered by contact of factor X11 with collagen,
b- is faster than intrinsic pathway,
c- utilizes all the clotting factors present in the blood,
2
a- total body water is approximately 25 litres,
b- about two thirds of total body water is intracellular,
c- 75% of ECF is intravascular,
d- plasma osmolarity is about 350 mosmoles/kg,
e- interstitial fluid volume equals 12 liters,
2) Regarding the composition of intra cellular fluid:
a- the main cation is is sodium,
b- the main anion is chloride,
c- has more phosphates than extracellular fluid,
d- has more sulphate than extracellular fluid,
e- has more sulphate than extracellular fluid,
3) Body temperature:
a- normally 39oC,
b- is regulated by a center in the hypothalamus,
c- increases following food ingestion,
d- can be measured from the rectum,
e- higher in the morning than in the evening,
4) Stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
causes:
a- increased heart rate,
b- papillary dilatation,
c- cutaneous vasodilatation,
d- increased salivary secretion,
e- increased metabolic arte,
5) Actions of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
include:
a- vasoconstriction
b- penile erection
c- increased energy expenditure
d- increase airway resistance
e- secretion of insulin
6) Which of the following statement (s) is/are true/false:
a- intracellular fluid volume is less in females than in males,
b- intracellular fluid is measured by heavy water,
c- extracellular anions are non-diffusible,
d- albumin concentration is equal in plasma and interstitial fluid,
e- Na+ - K+ ATPase pump is activated by increased intracellular,
7) The nicotinic cholinergic receptors are:
a- present in autonomic ganglia,
b- blocked by high concentrations of nicotine,
c- ligand gated Na+ channels in skeletal muscle,
d- blocked by atraopine,
e- the main receptors of acetylcholine in the SA node
8) The following is true about changes in cell membrane potential:
a- the action potential occurs only in excitable tissues,
b- local potentials do not occur in excitable tissues,
c- local potentials are graded
d- active transport of Na+ is responsible for depolarization,
e- repolarisation takes longer than depolarization,
1
, 9) Heat loss from the body can be increased by:
a- increased subcutaneous fat,
b- low environmental relative humidity,
c- cutaneous vasoconstriction,
d- cold wind,
e- atropine injection,
10) Infusion of one liter 0.45% Nacl solution increases:
a- plasma volume,
b- osmolality of interstitial fluid,
c- osmolality of intracellular fluid,
d- volume of intracellular fluid,
e- urine volume,
11) The mature red blood cell:
a- has few mitochondria,
b- volume decreases in folic acid deficiency,
c- of males has more haemoglobin than red cell of females,
d- count is more in infants than older children ,
e- of males has larger volume than of female,
12) Iron:
a- is found in high amounts in mother’s milk,
b- is absorbed mainly in the ileum,
c- is transported in plasma with plasma transferring,
d- is stored in the liver mainly as haemosiderin,
e- deficiency causes anaemia with red cell volume less than 80 femtoliter,
13) T-Lymphocytes:
a- have phagocytic functions,
b- transform into plasma cells,
c- maturation is completed in the bone marrow,
d- are characterized by a horse-shoe nucleus,
e- constitute the majority of the lymphocytesi in circulation,
14)Anaemia may result form:
a- loss of blood,
b- vitamin D deficiency,
c- iron deficiency,
d- deficiency of folic acid,
e- deficiency of erythroopoitein,
15) A person who is group O:
a- has both A and B antigens,
b- has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies,
c- act as universal donor,
d- act as universal recipient,
e- must be rhesus negative,
16) A stained normal blood film shows:
a- 50-70% neutrophils,
b- 2-8% lymphocytes,
c- 20-40% monocytes,
d- 1-4% basophils
e- 0.4% esinophils,
17) The extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation:
a- is triggered by contact of factor X11 with collagen,
b- is faster than intrinsic pathway,
c- utilizes all the clotting factors present in the blood,
2
