Advanced World History 2022 semester exam
geography
the study of Earth and its people
archaeology
the study of ancient people and the world that they lived in
anthropology
the holistic study of mankind
prehistory
the time before writing systems existed
primary sources
eyewitness historical item or accounts from a particular time period in the past
secondary sources
sources of information that were created after an event took place or after a person
lived
comparison
it provides similarities and differences between 2 or more items or topics
causation
why events happen
artifacts
an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest
Paleolithic
the time period from the 1st homo sapiens (human) until farming begins (Old Stone
Age)
Neolithic
the time period when farming began (The New Stone Age)
nomads
people who move from place to place in search of food, water and fresh pasture for their
livestock
animism
the belief that all things are inhabited by spirits
domesticate
to take out of the wild, and bring under the control of humans
collective knowledge
knowledge that is acquired through experience and is passed on
agrarian
based on farming
civilization
a complex, highly organized society
empire
government over large territory and different groups of people
irrigation
the redirection of water to aid farming
hierarchy
a ranking of society
polytheism
,the belief in many gods
monotheism
the belief in only 1 god
ziggurat
the center of city life, and it was also a holy site. the sumerians believed that when their
gods came down to visit them, he would stay there
cuneiform
a system of writing invented by the sumerieans that used wedge-shaped marks. each
mark stood for a group of sounds in words
colony
a farther away territory needed for resources and supplies
phonetic alphabet
the alphabet invented by the Phoenicians, with a series of letters. each letter was based
on a single sound. their alphabet had 22 letter, and all of them were consonants
delta
a triangular area where a major river divides into several smaller parts that usually flow
into a larger body of water
dynasty
a series of rulers from the same family
pharaoh
a ruler in ancient Egypt. the proper title for Egyptian kings. the pharaoh headed the
government and the army, set laws, and oversaw religious practices. Egyptians
believed that when their pharaoh was sitting on the throne holding the symbols of
power, he or she became a god on earth
vizier
appointed by the pharaoh, and often belonged to the pharaoh's family. their main duty
was to supervise the running of the country. they also had to record trade and to keep
records of the taxes collected
mummification
an old-fashioned method of preparing a dead body so that is doesn't decay
hieroglyphics
a system of writing created by the Egyptians, in hieroglyphics, pictures and symbols
stand for whole words, syllables, or single sounds
papyrus
a reed that grew in the swamps along the Nile. the Egyptians peeled it into long strips
and laid the trips together
peninsula
land that is almost completely surrounded by water
dark age
a time when learning and discovery are not valued, and knowledge is kept hidden
polis/city-state
a Greek city that functions much like an independent country
agora
a central, large open-air market
acropolis
a fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city. in Greek, it means a high city-state
, monarchy
a form of government with a monarch at the head
oligarchy
a small group of people that exercise political control
democracy
a system of government that is governed by the whole population or all of the eligible
members of a state, typically through elected representatives
phalanx
a body of troops or police officers standing or moving in close formation
helot
a slave that Sparta took from the larger city-states of Messenia. there were 7 helots for
every spartan, and they tried to revolt multiple times
hoplites
a heavily armed foot soldier of ancient Greece
trireme
an ancient Greek war galley with 3 banks of oars
tragedy
when the main character(s) in a play has a bad ending. one of the 2 most important
types of plays in ancient Greece
comedy
a type of play with a happy ending. sometimes these types of plays had jokes and/or
songs in them. on of the 2 most important types of plays in ancient Greece
philosophy
the study of ideas
Hellenistic period
the time period stretching from after Alexander the Great died (323 bce) to the
beginning of the Roman Empire (27 bce)
Vedas
the earliest religious texts of Hinduism. it tells us what we know about the Aryans. a
collection of hymns and poems. the Sanskrit word for knowledge
caste
a rigid and hereditary social class. in India, the Hindu social classes into which a person
is born. you may not move up or down in the caste system
reincarnation
a cycle of rebirth
karma
accounting for good and bad deeds
Four Noble Truths
1. All life is suffering
2. The source of suffering is desire
3. To stop suffering, you must rid yourself of desire
4. (You can rid yourself of desire) By following the Eightfold Path
Eightfold Path
the prescription of how to end desire
edict
formal statements or commands given from someone in power
geography
the study of Earth and its people
archaeology
the study of ancient people and the world that they lived in
anthropology
the holistic study of mankind
prehistory
the time before writing systems existed
primary sources
eyewitness historical item or accounts from a particular time period in the past
secondary sources
sources of information that were created after an event took place or after a person
lived
comparison
it provides similarities and differences between 2 or more items or topics
causation
why events happen
artifacts
an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest
Paleolithic
the time period from the 1st homo sapiens (human) until farming begins (Old Stone
Age)
Neolithic
the time period when farming began (The New Stone Age)
nomads
people who move from place to place in search of food, water and fresh pasture for their
livestock
animism
the belief that all things are inhabited by spirits
domesticate
to take out of the wild, and bring under the control of humans
collective knowledge
knowledge that is acquired through experience and is passed on
agrarian
based on farming
civilization
a complex, highly organized society
empire
government over large territory and different groups of people
irrigation
the redirection of water to aid farming
hierarchy
a ranking of society
polytheism
,the belief in many gods
monotheism
the belief in only 1 god
ziggurat
the center of city life, and it was also a holy site. the sumerians believed that when their
gods came down to visit them, he would stay there
cuneiform
a system of writing invented by the sumerieans that used wedge-shaped marks. each
mark stood for a group of sounds in words
colony
a farther away territory needed for resources and supplies
phonetic alphabet
the alphabet invented by the Phoenicians, with a series of letters. each letter was based
on a single sound. their alphabet had 22 letter, and all of them were consonants
delta
a triangular area where a major river divides into several smaller parts that usually flow
into a larger body of water
dynasty
a series of rulers from the same family
pharaoh
a ruler in ancient Egypt. the proper title for Egyptian kings. the pharaoh headed the
government and the army, set laws, and oversaw religious practices. Egyptians
believed that when their pharaoh was sitting on the throne holding the symbols of
power, he or she became a god on earth
vizier
appointed by the pharaoh, and often belonged to the pharaoh's family. their main duty
was to supervise the running of the country. they also had to record trade and to keep
records of the taxes collected
mummification
an old-fashioned method of preparing a dead body so that is doesn't decay
hieroglyphics
a system of writing created by the Egyptians, in hieroglyphics, pictures and symbols
stand for whole words, syllables, or single sounds
papyrus
a reed that grew in the swamps along the Nile. the Egyptians peeled it into long strips
and laid the trips together
peninsula
land that is almost completely surrounded by water
dark age
a time when learning and discovery are not valued, and knowledge is kept hidden
polis/city-state
a Greek city that functions much like an independent country
agora
a central, large open-air market
acropolis
a fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city. in Greek, it means a high city-state
, monarchy
a form of government with a monarch at the head
oligarchy
a small group of people that exercise political control
democracy
a system of government that is governed by the whole population or all of the eligible
members of a state, typically through elected representatives
phalanx
a body of troops or police officers standing or moving in close formation
helot
a slave that Sparta took from the larger city-states of Messenia. there were 7 helots for
every spartan, and they tried to revolt multiple times
hoplites
a heavily armed foot soldier of ancient Greece
trireme
an ancient Greek war galley with 3 banks of oars
tragedy
when the main character(s) in a play has a bad ending. one of the 2 most important
types of plays in ancient Greece
comedy
a type of play with a happy ending. sometimes these types of plays had jokes and/or
songs in them. on of the 2 most important types of plays in ancient Greece
philosophy
the study of ideas
Hellenistic period
the time period stretching from after Alexander the Great died (323 bce) to the
beginning of the Roman Empire (27 bce)
Vedas
the earliest religious texts of Hinduism. it tells us what we know about the Aryans. a
collection of hymns and poems. the Sanskrit word for knowledge
caste
a rigid and hereditary social class. in India, the Hindu social classes into which a person
is born. you may not move up or down in the caste system
reincarnation
a cycle of rebirth
karma
accounting for good and bad deeds
Four Noble Truths
1. All life is suffering
2. The source of suffering is desire
3. To stop suffering, you must rid yourself of desire
4. (You can rid yourself of desire) By following the Eightfold Path
Eightfold Path
the prescription of how to end desire
edict
formal statements or commands given from someone in power
