Introduction
This report will describe the lines of reporting and responsibility in relation to safeguarding protection
and welfare. It will also describe the signs, symptoms, indicators, and behavior that may cause concerns
and explain how health and social care practitioners can take steps to safeguard themselves and explain
factors that may contribute to an individual being vulnerable to harm or abuse. Finally, it will
demonstrate evidence of reading or use of sources (references).
C1: Describe signs, symptoms, indicators, and behaviors that may cause
concern.
Neglect is defined as a lack of sufficient care. This is divided into several sections. Physical neglect refers
to a person's inability to meet fundamental necessities such as food, drink, shelter, and clothes. Medical
neglect is the failure to receive proper medical or mental health treatment. Emotional neglect occurs
when a person's needs and feelings are ignored, whereas educational neglect occurs when a child is not
provided with an education or further help as needed. Malnourishment, unexplained weight loss,
dehydration, bedsores, dirty/unwashed clothing, poor living circumstances, poor oral hygiene, being
unwell and exhausted, and missing school on a regular basis are all signs and symptoms of neglect.
Withdrawal, poor self-esteem, symptoms of anxiety/depression, and behavioral changes, such as when
a child suddenly begins to display signs of neglect, are indicators and behaviors of neglect. (Choosing
therapy 2020).
Physical abuse is defined as intentionally injuring or damaging another person. Physical abuse can occur
at any time and to anybody, not just a certain group of individuals. Physical abuse includes slapping,
kicking, burning, and scratching with hands or objects. Bruising, fractured bones, burns, pain or
discomfort, and feelings of anxiety and panic are all indications of physical abuse. Unexplained injuries,
multiple injuries in various stages of healing, injuries that resemble a hand or objects like a belt or rope,
fear of returning home from school, aggression, flinching easily, abusive behavior, and inconsistent
explanations of how they were injured are some behaviors and indicators of physical abuse. (NSPCC
2022).
Emotional abuse occurs when someone intentionally mistreats, humiliates, isolates, or scares another
person. Emotional abuse can be linked to other forms of abuse, such as physical, sexual, and domestic
violence. Also, because the signs of emotional abuse are more difficult to detect, it can carry on for an
extended period. Emotional abuse is also known as physical abuse, and if a person has been subjected
to it, it can have long-term effects. Low self-esteem/confidence, difficulty controlling emotions, difficulty
forming and maintaining relationships, and distancing themselves from others, including family and
friends are behaviors and indicators of emotional abuse. (NSPCC 2022).
1
, Sexual abuse is defined as any sexual contact or conduct that occurs without the consent of a individual,
including sexual activity, relationships, rape, and harassment. Sexual abuse can be both physical and
verbal, such as making inappropriate sexual comments or jokes. Sexual abuse can also be perpetrated by
photographing them or forcing them to view pornography or witness sexual acts. Bruising around the
thighs, breasts, or vaginal area, difficulty walking or sitting, urinary infections, or sexually transmitted
diseases are all signs and symptoms of sexual abuse. Avoiding or being frightened of being alone with a
certain person, changes in food patterns, anxiety, and alcohol/drug usage are some symptoms and
behaviors of sexual abuse. (The Centre For Family Justice 2013).
Financial abuse is the mistreatment of another's money that can include fraud, theft, exploitation and
putting pressure on someone in connection with inheritance, wills, assets, and transactions. This means
that financial abuse occurs when someone progressively seizes control of another person's money and
withholds it from them. Financial abuse also includes deception and fraud. This can include making
fraudulent statements and utilising another person's bank account information, cards, and papers.
Misuse of benefits or direct payments within the family home is another financial abuse. Missing
personal belongings, for example, and an inexplicable lack of money/inability to sustain a lifestyle might
be signs of financial abuse. Signs and symptoms of someone being financially abused are a sudden
change in someone's financial situation, theft of money or possession, unusual activity on their bank
accounts. Indicators and behavior are a change in behavior and mood, isolating themselves from other,
item being purchased on account that they cannot use like a permanent gym membership, unexplained
withdrawal of funds from accounts and the person allocated to manage financial affairs is
uncooperative. (Ann craft trust 2018)
Domestic abuse can take many forms, including physical, emotional, sexual, and financial abuse. It is
characterised by dominating and threatening behavior such as intimidation, belittling, bullying, and
humiliation, as well as the use of physical or sexual assault. Domestic abuse can also occur online, and
behaviors such as harassment and stalking are examples of domestic abuse. Domestic abuse can appear
as any of the other indications and indicators of abuse, such as physical injuries, being scared to be
alone with a person, feeling nervous and fearful, not having control over their own money, and
withdrawing themselves from others. (Women’s Aid 2022).
C2: Describe the lines of reporting and responsibility in relation to safeguarding
protection and welfare.
When health and social care practitioners suspect, witness or are told about any abuse, harm and
neglect it is their responsibility to report it. However, this is not only the responsibility of practitioners
but anyone, from family, friends or even strangers if they suspect any harm. When an individual has
been harmed, abused, or neglected, a health care practitioner must collect information of the person
and write it down. When doing this a lot of victims find it difficult to speak, so practitioners should not
force the victim if they don't want to. A health care practitioner has be actively listening and reassuring
to the individual by telling them it's not their fault. Practitioners also should let the person know that
2
This report will describe the lines of reporting and responsibility in relation to safeguarding protection
and welfare. It will also describe the signs, symptoms, indicators, and behavior that may cause concerns
and explain how health and social care practitioners can take steps to safeguard themselves and explain
factors that may contribute to an individual being vulnerable to harm or abuse. Finally, it will
demonstrate evidence of reading or use of sources (references).
C1: Describe signs, symptoms, indicators, and behaviors that may cause
concern.
Neglect is defined as a lack of sufficient care. This is divided into several sections. Physical neglect refers
to a person's inability to meet fundamental necessities such as food, drink, shelter, and clothes. Medical
neglect is the failure to receive proper medical or mental health treatment. Emotional neglect occurs
when a person's needs and feelings are ignored, whereas educational neglect occurs when a child is not
provided with an education or further help as needed. Malnourishment, unexplained weight loss,
dehydration, bedsores, dirty/unwashed clothing, poor living circumstances, poor oral hygiene, being
unwell and exhausted, and missing school on a regular basis are all signs and symptoms of neglect.
Withdrawal, poor self-esteem, symptoms of anxiety/depression, and behavioral changes, such as when
a child suddenly begins to display signs of neglect, are indicators and behaviors of neglect. (Choosing
therapy 2020).
Physical abuse is defined as intentionally injuring or damaging another person. Physical abuse can occur
at any time and to anybody, not just a certain group of individuals. Physical abuse includes slapping,
kicking, burning, and scratching with hands or objects. Bruising, fractured bones, burns, pain or
discomfort, and feelings of anxiety and panic are all indications of physical abuse. Unexplained injuries,
multiple injuries in various stages of healing, injuries that resemble a hand or objects like a belt or rope,
fear of returning home from school, aggression, flinching easily, abusive behavior, and inconsistent
explanations of how they were injured are some behaviors and indicators of physical abuse. (NSPCC
2022).
Emotional abuse occurs when someone intentionally mistreats, humiliates, isolates, or scares another
person. Emotional abuse can be linked to other forms of abuse, such as physical, sexual, and domestic
violence. Also, because the signs of emotional abuse are more difficult to detect, it can carry on for an
extended period. Emotional abuse is also known as physical abuse, and if a person has been subjected
to it, it can have long-term effects. Low self-esteem/confidence, difficulty controlling emotions, difficulty
forming and maintaining relationships, and distancing themselves from others, including family and
friends are behaviors and indicators of emotional abuse. (NSPCC 2022).
1
, Sexual abuse is defined as any sexual contact or conduct that occurs without the consent of a individual,
including sexual activity, relationships, rape, and harassment. Sexual abuse can be both physical and
verbal, such as making inappropriate sexual comments or jokes. Sexual abuse can also be perpetrated by
photographing them or forcing them to view pornography or witness sexual acts. Bruising around the
thighs, breasts, or vaginal area, difficulty walking or sitting, urinary infections, or sexually transmitted
diseases are all signs and symptoms of sexual abuse. Avoiding or being frightened of being alone with a
certain person, changes in food patterns, anxiety, and alcohol/drug usage are some symptoms and
behaviors of sexual abuse. (The Centre For Family Justice 2013).
Financial abuse is the mistreatment of another's money that can include fraud, theft, exploitation and
putting pressure on someone in connection with inheritance, wills, assets, and transactions. This means
that financial abuse occurs when someone progressively seizes control of another person's money and
withholds it from them. Financial abuse also includes deception and fraud. This can include making
fraudulent statements and utilising another person's bank account information, cards, and papers.
Misuse of benefits or direct payments within the family home is another financial abuse. Missing
personal belongings, for example, and an inexplicable lack of money/inability to sustain a lifestyle might
be signs of financial abuse. Signs and symptoms of someone being financially abused are a sudden
change in someone's financial situation, theft of money or possession, unusual activity on their bank
accounts. Indicators and behavior are a change in behavior and mood, isolating themselves from other,
item being purchased on account that they cannot use like a permanent gym membership, unexplained
withdrawal of funds from accounts and the person allocated to manage financial affairs is
uncooperative. (Ann craft trust 2018)
Domestic abuse can take many forms, including physical, emotional, sexual, and financial abuse. It is
characterised by dominating and threatening behavior such as intimidation, belittling, bullying, and
humiliation, as well as the use of physical or sexual assault. Domestic abuse can also occur online, and
behaviors such as harassment and stalking are examples of domestic abuse. Domestic abuse can appear
as any of the other indications and indicators of abuse, such as physical injuries, being scared to be
alone with a person, feeling nervous and fearful, not having control over their own money, and
withdrawing themselves from others. (Women’s Aid 2022).
C2: Describe the lines of reporting and responsibility in relation to safeguarding
protection and welfare.
When health and social care practitioners suspect, witness or are told about any abuse, harm and
neglect it is their responsibility to report it. However, this is not only the responsibility of practitioners
but anyone, from family, friends or even strangers if they suspect any harm. When an individual has
been harmed, abused, or neglected, a health care practitioner must collect information of the person
and write it down. When doing this a lot of victims find it difficult to speak, so practitioners should not
force the victim if they don't want to. A health care practitioner has be actively listening and reassuring
to the individual by telling them it's not their fault. Practitioners also should let the person know that
2
