6. Tobacco smokers
Analytical Phases 7. Drugs
8. Posture
Phases of Analysis
9. Tourniquet Application
Pre-analytical phase
10. Stress, Anxiety and Hyperventilation
1. Test request
2. Preparation of the Patient (instructions and
1. Diurnal Variations
precollections)
Cortisol - after 8 AM
3. Consideration before specimen collection (tubes)
Serum Iron - ↑ in AM ↓ in PM
4. Specimen collection (which method?)
Neutrophil count - ↓in AM ↑ in PM
5. Specimen transport, preservation, retention and ACTH, Aldosterone, Insulin (Hormones) - Lowest
processing at daytime
Analytical Phase
Factors to consider: 2. Physical Activity
• Reagents o Temporary Effect
• Water
▪ Muscle enzymes will increase
• Measurement of volume
• CPK
Post-analytical Phase
• LD
• Recording and releasing of results
• AST
• May activate coagulation,
1. Pre-analytical Phase fibrinolysis and platelets
• Do not collect specimen from a patient without the o Long Term Effect (e.g. athletes)
test request!
▪ CPK
▪ ALD
Test Request Slip
▪ AST
• Turnaround time (TAT) will start upon the encoding of
▪ LDH
the physician’s laboratory test/s request
• Test request slip is used for patient identification (use
the patient demographics) 3. Fasting (non per orem)
STRICTLY FASTING SAMPLES
Phases of Diagnostic Tests (Purpose): o Sugar/Glucose – 6 – 10 hours,
• Screening for disease or case finding (Screening test) average of 8hrs)
o Lipid Profile (TAG, Cholesterol, LPs):
• Diagnosis of Disease (Confirmatory test)
10-14 hours, average of 12hours
• Therapeutic monitoring (Monitoring test)
o Not all components under lipid profile requires
Patient's Demographics
fasting. Assignment: what and why?
1. Name Fasting may not be required in testing for
2. Sex cholesterol content of people not taking statins or
3. Age any cholesterol medication. In fact, new guidelines
4. Date of Birth have shown that fasting may not be required in
5. Date of admission (if applicable) lipid profile since the difference is insignificant.
6. Date of measurement
7. Hospital number o If both is to be tested: 10 hrs
8. Room number/OPD o Why is fasting done overnight? For better
glucose control.
9. Physician'
4. Diet
Why should the physician's name be included?
o Fatty foods
• You can do QC. You know where the patient belongs
to. o High meat or Protein rich (increased)
• For validation.
• So that only the physician can receive the results. 5. Alcohol (Ethanol) Ingestion
o Acute Effects (Increased)
2 important things to note: ▪ Lactate
patient preparation and sample preparation ▪ Urate
▪ Triglycerides
Patient Preparation o Chronic Effects (Increased)
Variations in Laboratory Determination (Pre-analytical ▪ HDL
variables) ▪ GGT
1. Diurnal variations ▪ Urate
Analytical Phases 7. Drugs
8. Posture
Phases of Analysis
9. Tourniquet Application
Pre-analytical phase
10. Stress, Anxiety and Hyperventilation
1. Test request
2. Preparation of the Patient (instructions and
1. Diurnal Variations
precollections)
Cortisol - after 8 AM
3. Consideration before specimen collection (tubes)
Serum Iron - ↑ in AM ↓ in PM
4. Specimen collection (which method?)
Neutrophil count - ↓in AM ↑ in PM
5. Specimen transport, preservation, retention and ACTH, Aldosterone, Insulin (Hormones) - Lowest
processing at daytime
Analytical Phase
Factors to consider: 2. Physical Activity
• Reagents o Temporary Effect
• Water
▪ Muscle enzymes will increase
• Measurement of volume
• CPK
Post-analytical Phase
• LD
• Recording and releasing of results
• AST
• May activate coagulation,
1. Pre-analytical Phase fibrinolysis and platelets
• Do not collect specimen from a patient without the o Long Term Effect (e.g. athletes)
test request!
▪ CPK
▪ ALD
Test Request Slip
▪ AST
• Turnaround time (TAT) will start upon the encoding of
▪ LDH
the physician’s laboratory test/s request
• Test request slip is used for patient identification (use
the patient demographics) 3. Fasting (non per orem)
STRICTLY FASTING SAMPLES
Phases of Diagnostic Tests (Purpose): o Sugar/Glucose – 6 – 10 hours,
• Screening for disease or case finding (Screening test) average of 8hrs)
o Lipid Profile (TAG, Cholesterol, LPs):
• Diagnosis of Disease (Confirmatory test)
10-14 hours, average of 12hours
• Therapeutic monitoring (Monitoring test)
o Not all components under lipid profile requires
Patient's Demographics
fasting. Assignment: what and why?
1. Name Fasting may not be required in testing for
2. Sex cholesterol content of people not taking statins or
3. Age any cholesterol medication. In fact, new guidelines
4. Date of Birth have shown that fasting may not be required in
5. Date of admission (if applicable) lipid profile since the difference is insignificant.
6. Date of measurement
7. Hospital number o If both is to be tested: 10 hrs
8. Room number/OPD o Why is fasting done overnight? For better
glucose control.
9. Physician'
4. Diet
Why should the physician's name be included?
o Fatty foods
• You can do QC. You know where the patient belongs
to. o High meat or Protein rich (increased)
• For validation.
• So that only the physician can receive the results. 5. Alcohol (Ethanol) Ingestion
o Acute Effects (Increased)
2 important things to note: ▪ Lactate
patient preparation and sample preparation ▪ Urate
▪ Triglycerides
Patient Preparation o Chronic Effects (Increased)
Variations in Laboratory Determination (Pre-analytical ▪ HDL
variables) ▪ GGT
1. Diurnal variations ▪ Urate
