Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications: A Nursing Approach, 7th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Of the following, the food that would provide the most energy per ounce is a. butter. b. tuna. c. pasta. d. hard candy. ANS: A Butter would provide the most energy per ounce because fat is the densest energy source. Fat provides 9 kcal/g; protein and carbohydrate each provide 4 kcal/g. Tuna is mostly protein with just a small amount of fat, pasta is mostly carbohydrate, and hard candy is only carbohydrate, and so all of these would provide fewer calories per ounce than would butter. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 74 | Page 81 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 2. The most beneficial function of cholesterol in the body is a. formation of sex hormones, bile, and vitamin D. b. depositing plaques in arteries. c. being part of cell membrane structure. d. solubility in both water and fat. ANS: A The body uses sterols such as cholesterol to make sex hormones, bile, and vitamin D. Cholesterol does contribute to deposition of arterial plaques, but this is not beneficial to the body. Cell membrane structure and solubility in both water and fat are functions of phospholipids; cholesterol is a sterol, not a phospholipid. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 77 | Page 78 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 3. If a patient receiving parenteral nutrition develops eczema, the patient probably has a. vitamin C deficiency. b. essential fatty acid deficiency. c. protein-energy malnutrition. d. phospholipid and sterol deficien