ANCC PMHNP Exam Prep Terms And Explanations With Complete Solution

ANCC PMHNP Exam Prep mesocortical pathway – executive function: attention, focus, depression nigrostriatal pathway – from substantia nigra (brainstem) to striatum (muscles): Parkinson's mesolimbic pathway – projects to nucleus accumbens (part of limbic system). Pleasure, reward, positive symptoms of schizophrenia: Addiction, gambling Tuberoinfundibular pathway – regulation of prolactin (acts on pituitary). Hypersexuality in mania Dopamine – produced in substania nigra and VTA. D2 & D4 receptors most important. Elevated in the mesolimbic pathway associated with pleasure and psychosis. Antispychotics block dopamine. travels through mesocoritcal, mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, and tuberinfundibular pathways Serotonin – 5-HT. produced in raphe nucleus. emotion, impulses, dreams. 5HT2A receptors = atypical antipsychotics. Norepinephrine – produced in locus coeruleus. arousal and vigilance GABA – inhibitory. produces calm in conjunction with benzodiazepines. ACTH – motor control, learning, memory, sleep, and dreams. Helps with balance. Decrease in Alzheimer's disease hypothalamuspituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) - CRH, ACTH, then cortisol. Worsens with stress and depression hypothalamuspituitary-thyroid (HPT) - TRH, TSH, T4. Hypothyroid causes depression, weight gain, slow metabolism. Hyperthyroid is opposite. hypothalamus- pituitary-gonadal (HPG) - GnRH, FSH, LH. Malfunctions cause infertility problems. gray matter – neurons are found frontal lobe – executive function, voluntary movement, speech (Broca's area) Temporal lobe – memory, cognition, speech, emotions (aka limbic area) parietal lobe – receive and process sensory input Wernicke's area – temporal and parietal lobes; speech amygdala – fear response. hippocampus – memory. Make up limbic system with amydgala HIPAA – 1. education about privacy protection, 2. access to own medical records, 3. request amendment to health information to which they object, 4. require permission for disclosure of medical issues forensic nursing – based on crime committed and investigational aspects correctional nursing – offender's current mental health and medical condition research utilization process – critique, synthesize, apply, measure PICO question – patient, intervention, comparison, outcome internal validity – when the independent variable (treatment) caused a change in the dependent variable (outcome) external validity – when the sample is representative of the population and the results can be generalized descriptive statistics – used to describe the basic features of the data in the study standard deviation – indication of the possible deviations from the mean variance – how the values are dispersed around the mean - the larger the variance, the larger the dispersion of scores