2022 -
2023
Business Research
techniques
SUMMARY BRT GRASPLE MODULES
,Inhoud
Module 1 – Why business research?..................................................................................................................3
Business research vs managerial intuition..................................................................................................3
Stages of a research process...........................................................................................................................3
Module 2 – Theory formation............................................................................................................................3
A demarcates business problem.....................................................................................................................3
Problem relevance..........................................................................................................................................3
Research questions.........................................................................................................................................4
Literature review & conceptual model...........................................................................................................4
Relationship variables in a conceptual model.............................................................................................4
Module 3 – Choosing a research strategy...........................................................................................................5
Three major research strategies.....................................................................................................................5
Survey research..........................................................................................................................................5
Experimental research................................................................................................................................5
Archival research........................................................................................................................................5
Correlation vs causal research strategies.......................................................................................................5
Module 4 – Data collection.................................................................................................................................7
Structuring a data set.....................................................................................................................................7
Sampling.........................................................................................................................................................7
Sampling design..........................................................................................................................................7
Probability sampling...................................................................................................................................7
Non-probability sampling...........................................................................................................................7
Measurement.................................................................................................................................................7
Choosing statistical tests................................................................................................................................8
Choosing T-test or ANOVA..........................................................................................................................8
Module 5 – Reliability and validity......................................................................................................................8
Measurement reliability and validity..............................................................................................................8
Internal and external validity..........................................................................................................................9
Module 6 – Survey research...............................................................................................................................9
Polls vs surveys...............................................................................................................................................9
Survey measures.............................................................................................................................................9
Open-ended or closed questions................................................................................................................9
Single-item or multiple-item questions....................................................................................................10
Off-the-shelf vs own-developed scales.....................................................................................................10
Survey modes...............................................................................................................................................10
1
, Reliability and validity in survey research.....................................................................................................11
Improving and assessing measurement validity.......................................................................................11
Internal validity in survey research...........................................................................................................11
External validity of survey research..........................................................................................................11
Module 7 – Experimental research...................................................................................................................11
Lab vs Field experiments..............................................................................................................................11
Experimental design.....................................................................................................................................12
Between- or within-subjects design.........................................................................................................12
Analysing experimental designs...................................................................................................................12
Reliability and validity in experiments..........................................................................................................13
Reliability of measurement in experimental research..............................................................................13
Validity of measurement in experimental research..................................................................................13
Internal validity in experimental research................................................................................................13
Increasing internal validity of experimental research...............................................................................14
Module 8 – Archival research...........................................................................................................................15
Internal vs external archival research...........................................................................................................15
Piecing together archival data......................................................................................................................15
Reliability and validity in archival data.........................................................................................................15
Measurement reliability in archival research...........................................................................................15
Types of measures....................................................................................................................................15
Measurement validity in archival research...............................................................................................16
Internal validity in archival research.........................................................................................................16
External validity in archival research........................................................................................................16
Module 9 – Qualitative research......................................................................................................................16
Collecting primary qualitative research........................................................................................................16
Interviews.................................................................................................................................................16
Focus groups.............................................................................................................................................17
Observations.............................................................................................................................................17
Validity in qualitative research.....................................................................................................................17
Threats to validity.....................................................................................................................................17
Increasing validity.....................................................................................................................................18
2
2023
Business Research
techniques
SUMMARY BRT GRASPLE MODULES
,Inhoud
Module 1 – Why business research?..................................................................................................................3
Business research vs managerial intuition..................................................................................................3
Stages of a research process...........................................................................................................................3
Module 2 – Theory formation............................................................................................................................3
A demarcates business problem.....................................................................................................................3
Problem relevance..........................................................................................................................................3
Research questions.........................................................................................................................................4
Literature review & conceptual model...........................................................................................................4
Relationship variables in a conceptual model.............................................................................................4
Module 3 – Choosing a research strategy...........................................................................................................5
Three major research strategies.....................................................................................................................5
Survey research..........................................................................................................................................5
Experimental research................................................................................................................................5
Archival research........................................................................................................................................5
Correlation vs causal research strategies.......................................................................................................5
Module 4 – Data collection.................................................................................................................................7
Structuring a data set.....................................................................................................................................7
Sampling.........................................................................................................................................................7
Sampling design..........................................................................................................................................7
Probability sampling...................................................................................................................................7
Non-probability sampling...........................................................................................................................7
Measurement.................................................................................................................................................7
Choosing statistical tests................................................................................................................................8
Choosing T-test or ANOVA..........................................................................................................................8
Module 5 – Reliability and validity......................................................................................................................8
Measurement reliability and validity..............................................................................................................8
Internal and external validity..........................................................................................................................9
Module 6 – Survey research...............................................................................................................................9
Polls vs surveys...............................................................................................................................................9
Survey measures.............................................................................................................................................9
Open-ended or closed questions................................................................................................................9
Single-item or multiple-item questions....................................................................................................10
Off-the-shelf vs own-developed scales.....................................................................................................10
Survey modes...............................................................................................................................................10
1
, Reliability and validity in survey research.....................................................................................................11
Improving and assessing measurement validity.......................................................................................11
Internal validity in survey research...........................................................................................................11
External validity of survey research..........................................................................................................11
Module 7 – Experimental research...................................................................................................................11
Lab vs Field experiments..............................................................................................................................11
Experimental design.....................................................................................................................................12
Between- or within-subjects design.........................................................................................................12
Analysing experimental designs...................................................................................................................12
Reliability and validity in experiments..........................................................................................................13
Reliability of measurement in experimental research..............................................................................13
Validity of measurement in experimental research..................................................................................13
Internal validity in experimental research................................................................................................13
Increasing internal validity of experimental research...............................................................................14
Module 8 – Archival research...........................................................................................................................15
Internal vs external archival research...........................................................................................................15
Piecing together archival data......................................................................................................................15
Reliability and validity in archival data.........................................................................................................15
Measurement reliability in archival research...........................................................................................15
Types of measures....................................................................................................................................15
Measurement validity in archival research...............................................................................................16
Internal validity in archival research.........................................................................................................16
External validity in archival research........................................................................................................16
Module 9 – Qualitative research......................................................................................................................16
Collecting primary qualitative research........................................................................................................16
Interviews.................................................................................................................................................16
Focus groups.............................................................................................................................................17
Observations.............................................................................................................................................17
Validity in qualitative research.....................................................................................................................17
Threats to validity.....................................................................................................................................17
Increasing validity.....................................................................................................................................18
2
