Question 1 (5 points)
The most frequently used method to test hypotheses in quantitative research is the
self-administered survey. Name and explain three reasons why the survey is that
popular in business research.
Question 2 (3 points)
Suppose you are advising a customer service manager who wants to conduct a
survey study among her customers. What do you advice the manager when it comes
to decisions about the content of the survey?
Question 3 (5 points)
Explain which specific test the researcher needs to use to test each hypothesis:
Hypothesis 1: Supportive leadership style is positively related to job performance
Hypothesis 2: Work engagement mediates the relationship between supportive
leadership and job performance.
Hypothesis 3: The relationship between supportive leadership style and work
engagement is stronger in traditional teams compared to self-managing teams.
Question 4 (10 points)
Describe the three steps for testing hypothesis 2 and 3:
Hypothesis 2: Work engagement mediates the relationship between supportive
leadership and job performance.
Hypothesis 3: The relationship between supportive leadership style and work
engagement is stronger in traditional teams compared to self-managing teams.
Question 5 (10 points)
When conducting quantitative research, a theory is used to guide the development
of hypotheses. Specific aspects of a theory can be tested by including various
variables in the study. Explain in detail what a dependent, independent, moderating,
mediating, and extraneous variable is and how they relate to each other. You can
use the following hypotheses in your explanation:
Hypothesis 1: Selling a private label is positively related to store loyalty.
Hypothesis 2: Trust mediates the relationship between corporate social
responsibility and customer loyalty.
Hypothesis 3: The relationship between servant leadership style and
employee innovative behavior is stronger in traditional teams compared to
self-managing teams.
Question 6 (10 points)
Before we analyze data, we need to pay attention to the validity and reliability of our
measurement instruments.
a. Explain what validity means.
b. Explain what reliability means.
c. Which test is used to examine the validity of an instrument?
d. Which test is used to examine the reliability of an instrument?
1
, Question 7 (5 points)
The choice for a type of analysis depends on the measurement scales of the
variables. What are the different measurement scale and what are the requirements
for an independent t-test and an ANOVA, with regard to measurement scales and
number of groups?
Question 8 (30 points)
A researcher asked a group of employees how they experienced their job. Multiple
aspects regarding their work have been assessed.
a. Below you see the output of the analysis (only factor loadings > .30 are
presented). Explain how you interpret the output (i.e., which things do you
look for in the output) and explain what your next step will be based on this
output.
Total Variance Explained
a
Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation SS Loadings
Factor Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total
1 5,245 30,853 30,853 4,733 27,841 27,841 3,593
2 1,752 10,305 41,158 1,323 7,781 35,622 3,023
3 1,420 8,355 49,513 ,776 4,565 40,186 1,765
4 1,138 6,695 56,208 ,605 3,559 43,745 2,605
5 ,979 5,758 61,966
6 ,883 5,196 67,161
7 ,786 4,626 71,788
8 ,742 4,365 76,153
9 ,631 3,710 79,862
10 ,597 3,515 83,377
11 ,533 3,137 86,513
12 ,492 2,897 89,410
13 ,413 2,427 91,838
14 ,401 2,357 94,195
15 ,355 2,086 96,280
16 ,348 2,046 98,327
17 ,284 1,673 100,000
Extraction Method: Principal Axis Factoring.
Use the following codebook to understand the output in the Pattern Matrix.
Name Explanation
Coach Items about coaching of supervisor
Soc Items about social support at work
Ontp Items about developmental opportunities
Wd Items about workload
Fb Items about feedback
2
The most frequently used method to test hypotheses in quantitative research is the
self-administered survey. Name and explain three reasons why the survey is that
popular in business research.
Question 2 (3 points)
Suppose you are advising a customer service manager who wants to conduct a
survey study among her customers. What do you advice the manager when it comes
to decisions about the content of the survey?
Question 3 (5 points)
Explain which specific test the researcher needs to use to test each hypothesis:
Hypothesis 1: Supportive leadership style is positively related to job performance
Hypothesis 2: Work engagement mediates the relationship between supportive
leadership and job performance.
Hypothesis 3: The relationship between supportive leadership style and work
engagement is stronger in traditional teams compared to self-managing teams.
Question 4 (10 points)
Describe the three steps for testing hypothesis 2 and 3:
Hypothesis 2: Work engagement mediates the relationship between supportive
leadership and job performance.
Hypothesis 3: The relationship between supportive leadership style and work
engagement is stronger in traditional teams compared to self-managing teams.
Question 5 (10 points)
When conducting quantitative research, a theory is used to guide the development
of hypotheses. Specific aspects of a theory can be tested by including various
variables in the study. Explain in detail what a dependent, independent, moderating,
mediating, and extraneous variable is and how they relate to each other. You can
use the following hypotheses in your explanation:
Hypothesis 1: Selling a private label is positively related to store loyalty.
Hypothesis 2: Trust mediates the relationship between corporate social
responsibility and customer loyalty.
Hypothesis 3: The relationship between servant leadership style and
employee innovative behavior is stronger in traditional teams compared to
self-managing teams.
Question 6 (10 points)
Before we analyze data, we need to pay attention to the validity and reliability of our
measurement instruments.
a. Explain what validity means.
b. Explain what reliability means.
c. Which test is used to examine the validity of an instrument?
d. Which test is used to examine the reliability of an instrument?
1
, Question 7 (5 points)
The choice for a type of analysis depends on the measurement scales of the
variables. What are the different measurement scale and what are the requirements
for an independent t-test and an ANOVA, with regard to measurement scales and
number of groups?
Question 8 (30 points)
A researcher asked a group of employees how they experienced their job. Multiple
aspects regarding their work have been assessed.
a. Below you see the output of the analysis (only factor loadings > .30 are
presented). Explain how you interpret the output (i.e., which things do you
look for in the output) and explain what your next step will be based on this
output.
Total Variance Explained
a
Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation SS Loadings
Factor Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total
1 5,245 30,853 30,853 4,733 27,841 27,841 3,593
2 1,752 10,305 41,158 1,323 7,781 35,622 3,023
3 1,420 8,355 49,513 ,776 4,565 40,186 1,765
4 1,138 6,695 56,208 ,605 3,559 43,745 2,605
5 ,979 5,758 61,966
6 ,883 5,196 67,161
7 ,786 4,626 71,788
8 ,742 4,365 76,153
9 ,631 3,710 79,862
10 ,597 3,515 83,377
11 ,533 3,137 86,513
12 ,492 2,897 89,410
13 ,413 2,427 91,838
14 ,401 2,357 94,195
15 ,355 2,086 96,280
16 ,348 2,046 98,327
17 ,284 1,673 100,000
Extraction Method: Principal Axis Factoring.
Use the following codebook to understand the output in the Pattern Matrix.
Name Explanation
Coach Items about coaching of supervisor
Soc Items about social support at work
Ontp Items about developmental opportunities
Wd Items about workload
Fb Items about feedback
2
